Wilfred Owen, "Dulce et Decorum Est"

Included in the Seagull Reader

Text on p. 1071 of the full Ninth Edition






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Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,
Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,
Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs, [1]
And towards our distant rest began to trudge.

Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots,
But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame, all blind;
Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots
Of disappointed shells that dropped behind.

Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! — An ecstasy of fumbling [2]
Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time, [3]
But someone still was yelling out and stumbling
And flound'ring like a man in fire or lime. — [4]
Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light, [5]
As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. [6]

In all my dreams, before my helpless sight
He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.

If in some smothering dreams, you too could pace
Behind the wagon that we flung him in, [7]
And watch the white eyes writhing in his face, [8]
His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin,
If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood
Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs
Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud [9]
Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues, — [10]
My friend, you would not tell with such high zest [11]
To children ardent for some desperate glory, [12]
The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est
Pro patria mori. [13]

Re-Reading Questions

1. Review the boldfaced words and phrases. Together, what image of the battlefield do they create? Why did Owen choose these kinds of images over others?

2. Wilfred Owen fought for the British during World War I, won the Military Cross for bravery, and ultimately was killed in battle in 1918. How does this knowledge change the way in which you react to the poem? Could the speaker of the poem be Owen himself?

3. Many of the italicized phrases are similes. Identify two or three similes and consider how they are more effective than straightforward descriptions.

4. Visit this student annotation of the poem; included in it are several graphic photographs from World War I. Where do you agree and disagree with the analysis of the poem as presented by these students? How did the photographs affect you and your reading of the poem?

5. In Owen's time, the last two lines of the poem would have been quite controversial. What cultural beliefs is Owen questioning here? Could this conclusion still be controversial today?

 



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