Wilfred Owen, "Dulce et Decorum Est"

Included in the Seagull Reader

Text on p. 1071 of the full Ninth Edition and p. 823 of the shorter Ninth Edition.






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Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,
Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,
Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs,
And towards our distant rest began to trudge.

Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots,
But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame, all blind;
Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots
Of disappointed shells that dropped behind.

Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! — An ecstasy of fumbling
Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time,
But someone still was yelling out and stumbling
And flound'ring like a man in fire or lime. —
Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light,
As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.

In all my dreams, before my helpless sight
He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.

If in some smothering dreams, you too could pace
Behind the wagon that we flung him in,
And watch the white eyes writhing in his face,
His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin,
If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood
Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs
Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud
Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues, —
My friend, you would not tell with such high zest
To children ardent for some desperate glory,
The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est
Pro patria mori.

Reading Questions

1. Who is the speaker of this poem? In the last stanza, the speaker addresses the listener. Who is that listener? Do you think the speaker uses the word "friend" sincerely or is he using the word ironically to suggest another meaning?

2. Who does the speaker depict in the first stanza? What is the general condition of those described in the poem?

3. Are there any images in this poem that you found particularly powerful? How did they make you feel?

4. The final lines of the poem come from the Roman poet Horace and mean "It is sweet and honorable to die for one's country." Do you personally agree or disagree with this statement? Why do you think that the speaker calls it the "Old Lie"?

 



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