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Matthew Arnold, "Dover Beach"
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Text on p. 893 of the full Ninth Edition and p. 668 of the shorter Ninth Edition.
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The sea is calm tonight.
The tide is full, the moon lies fair
Upon the straits; on the French coast the light
Gleams and is gone; the cliffs of England stand,
Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay.
Come to the window, sweet is the night-air!
Only, from the long line of spray
Where the sea meets the moon-blanched land,
Listen! you hear the grating roar
Of pebbles which the waves draw back, and fling,
At their return, up the high strand,
Begin, and cease, and then again begin,
With tremulous cadence slow, and bring
The eternal note of sadness in.
Sophocles long ago
Heard it on the Aegean, and it brought
Into his mind the turbid ebb and flow
Of human misery; we
Find also in the sound a thought,
Hearing it by this distant northern sea.
The Sea of Faith
Was once, too, at the full, and round earth's shore
Lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled.
But now I only hear
Its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar,
Retreating, to the breath
Of the night-wind, down the vast edges drear
And naked shingles of the world.
Ah, love, let us be true
To one another! for the world, which seems
To lie before us like a land of dreams,
So various, so beautiful, so new,
Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light,
Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain
And we are here as on a darkling plain
Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,
Where ignorant armies clash by night. |
Reading Questions
1. This poem has a speaker and a listener. How do you visualize the setting and their relationship? What sort of action is suggested? What does the landscape look like in the first stanza?
2. What is it that Sophocles might have heard, literally and figuratively, on the Aegean Sea, according to the poet-speaker in the second stanza? How does that change what he sees?
3. Put in your own words the "thought" that the speaker expresses in the third stanza.
4. How have the speaker's feelings changed by the final stanza? What has disturbed him? How does he try to resolve his feelings? How is the landscape described now, in terms of sight and sound?
5. The poet-speaker thinks that Sophocles felt as he does, suggesting that his feelings are universal. Do you agree? Have you felt similar feelings (not necessarily at the beach, however)?
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