Perspectives from the Past : W. W. Norton College Books

BULLETED RED TEXT DENOTES VISUAL SOURCES
Chapter 1 The Origins of Western Civilizations in the Ancient Near East
From Atrahasis: An Account of the Great Flood
From The Epic of Gilgamesh
TWO IMAGES OF SUMERIAN RULERSHIP (c. 2480 B.C.E.)
Laws from Ancient Mesopotamia
From The Righteous Sufferer
Letters of Royal Women of the Old Babylonian Period
From The Instructions of Ptah-hotep
THE NARMER PALETTE (c. 3100 B.C.E.)
The Story of Sinhue
From The Book of the Dead
Harper’s Songs
Chapter 2 Gods and Empires in the Ancient Near East
Akhenaton’s "Hymn to the Aton"
THE EGYPTIAN KING AND SUBJECT PEOPLES (c. 1380 B.C.E.)
A Letter from Tell el-Amarna
From The Letters of Deir el-Medina
CARGO ROM THE ULU BURUN SHIPWRECK (c. 1300 B.C.E.)
EGYPTIAN BATTLE WITH THE SEA PEOPLES (c. 1150 B.C.E.)
From The Book of Ezekiel: Phoenician Trade in the Hebrew Bible
From The Book of I Kings: Solomon’s Construction of Yahweh’s Temple in Jerusalem
From The Annals of Ashurnasirpal II of Assyria
THE ASSYRIAN ATTACK ON LACHISH (701 B.C.E)
HERODOTUS
- From The Histories: Customs of the Persians
- From The Torah: Laws
- From The Book of Amos: Prophecies
- From The Book of Jeremiah: Prophecies
- From The Book of Isaiah: Prophecies
An Aramaic Letter from Elephantine
Chapter 3 The Greek Experiment
HOMER, From The Odyssey
ORIGINS OF THE GREEK ALPHABET (c. 500 B.C.E.)
HESIOD
- From Works and Days
- Spartan Society and Values
HERODOTUS, From The Histories: The Second Persian Invasion of Greece
THUCYDIDES, From The Peloponnesian Wars
XENOPHON, From Oeconomicus
SOPHOCLES, From Antigone
VASE DEPICTING A SLAVE (c. 450 B.C.E.)
PLATO, From "Apology"
Chapter 4 Expansion of Greece
PLATO, From The Republic
ARISTOTLE, From Politics
PLUTARCH, From "Life of Alexander"
ERATOSTHENES’S MAP OF THE WORLD (c. 200 B.C.E.)
HELLENISTIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE NEAR EAST (c. 175 C.E.)
From The First Book of Maccabees
THEOCRITUS, From Idylls
EPICURUS, Principle Doctrines
LUCRETIUS, From On the Nature of Things
EPICTETUS, From The Manual: Stocism
HELLENISTIC AUTHORS, Short Poems
Chapter 5 Roman Civilization
From The Twelve Tables
PLUTARCH, From Lives
DIDORUS SICULUS, From On Slavery in the Later Republic
CICERO, From On the Laws
JUVENAL, From The Sixteen Satires
A SCENE FROM A ROMAN-ERA ITALIAN HARBOR (c. 80 C.E.)
OVID, From The Loves
APULEIUS, From The Golden Ass
COLUMELLA, Management of a Large Estate
JOSEPHUS, From The Jewish Wars
TACITUS, From Germania
A MUMMY FROM THE TIME OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE (100 C.E.)
Chapter 6 Christianity and the Transformation of the Roman World
From The Gospel of Matthew
CONSTANTINE
- From An Oration
- From The Theodosian Code: Roman Law
SAN PAOLO FUORI LE MURI, ROME (c. 385 C.E.)
IGNATIUS OF ANTIOCH
- Letter to the Romans
- The Martyrdom of Polycarp
ST. BENEDICT, From The Rule
AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS, From The History
GREGORY OF TOURS, From History of the Franks
ST. AUGUSTINE
- From City of God
- From Confessions
MOSAICS OF JUSTINIAN AND THEODORE, CHURCH OF SAN VITA, RAVENNA (c. 500 C.E.)
Chapter 7 Rome’s Three Heirs: The Byzantine, Islamic, and Early Medieval Worlds
PROCIPUS, From Secret History
SEBOS, The Armenian History
MUHAMMED, From The Quran and Hadith
AL-TABARI, The History
DOME OF THE ROCK, JERUSALEM (c. 690 C.E.)
BEDE
- From A History of the English Church and People
- From The Lombard Laws: Rothair’s Edict
EINHARD, From The Life of Charlemagne
VISION OF THE HEAVENLY JERUSALEM (c. 900)
- Monastic Clamors, Curses, and Excommunications
- "The Wanderer": Anglo-Saxon Poetry
- From Egil’s Saga: Viking Literature
Chapter 8 The Expansion of Europe: Economy, Society, and Politics in the High Middle Ages
The Charter of Liberties for St. Omer
The Last Will and Testament of Oberto Lomellino
Medieval Commercial Contracts and Reports
ANNA COMNENA
- From The Alexiad
- From The Anonymous of Mainz
JEAN DE JOINVILLE, From The Life of Saint Louis
ILLUMINATED BIBLE, FRANCE (c. 1230)
The Magna Carta: English Constitutional Law
EKKEHARD AND UTA, NAUMBERG CATHEDRAL STATUES (c. 1250)
From Las Siete Partidas: Castilian Law Code
THE MEDIEVAL SEXUAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESS (C.1275)
Chapter 9 The High Middle Ages: Religious and Intellectual Developments
GREGORY VII, "To Herman of Metz, in Defense of the Papal Policy toward Henry IV"
POPE BONIFACE VIII, Papal Bull Unam Sanctam
From Interrogation of Beatrice of Planisolks
SALISBURY CATHEDRAL (1258, SPIRE 1330)
From Carmina Burana
ST. FRANCIS, From The Rule of 1223 and The Testament
HILDEGARD OF BINGEN, Letter to the Clergy of Mainz
GOLD AND SILVER JEWELED BOOK COVER (c. 1200–1232)
STEPHEN OF BOURBON, From On the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit
JACOBUS DE VORAGINE, From The Golden Legend
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
- From Summa Theologica
- From The Poem of the Cid
Chapter 10 The Later Middle Ages
IBN KHALDUN, From The Muqaddimah
GIOVANNI BOCCACCIO, From The Decameron
THE TRIUMPH OF DEATH (c. 1340)
GEOFFREY CHAUCER, From The Canterbury Tales
JAN HUS, From The Church
DANTE ALIGHIERI, From The Divine Comedy
CHRISTINE DE PIZAN, From The Book of the City of Ladies
THE ARNOLFINI MARRIAGE (1434)
From The Trial of Jeanne d’Arc
The Distribution of Wealth in Tuscany in 1427
POPE PIUS II, From Commentaries
Chapter 11 Commerce, Conquest, and Colonization
WILLIAM OF RUBRUCK, From On the Mongols
IBN BATTUTA, From The Travels
DOUKAS, From Decline and Fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks
ASIKPASAZADE
- From History of the House of Osman
- "The Tale of the White Cowl": A Russian Tale
ALVISE DA MOSOT, Voyage to Africa
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, Letter on His First Voyage
SAPI-PORTUGESE SALT CELLAR (c. 1500)
MANUEL I, "The Letter Which the King, Our Lord, Wrote to the King and Queen of Castile, His Kin, Concerning the News of India"
CONQUEST OF MEXICO, FLORENTINE CODEX (c. 1555)
Beginning of Volume 2
Chapter 12 The Civilization of the Renaissance, C. 1350–1550
LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI, From I Libri della Famiglia
BENVENUTO CELLINI, From The Autobiography
GIORGIO VASSARI, From The Lives of the Artists
LEONARDO DA VINCI, From The Notebooks
BALDESAR CASTIGLIONI, From The Book of the Courtier
LAST SUPPER (1498)
PORTRAIT OF POPE LEO X AND TWO CARDINALS (1518)
GIOVANNI PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA, From "Oration on the Dignity of Man"
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI, From The Prince
DESIDERIUS ERASMUS OF ROTTERDAM, From Ten Colloquies
SIR THOMAS MORE, From Utiopia
MARGUERITE DE NAVARRE, From The Heptameron
Chapter 13 Reformation of Religions
JOHN CALVIN, From Catechism of the Church of Geneva, Being a Form of Instruction for Children in the Doctrine of Christ (1545)
MARTIN LUTHER
- From "Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation"
- From The Large Catechism
- "Statement of Grievances," Diet of Worms, 1521
THE GODLY MILL (1521)
From The Trial of Klaus Hottinger of Zurich: Iconoclasm
SEBASTIAN LOTZER, The Twelve Articles of the Peasants of Swabia
THE ECSTASY OF ST. TERESA (1652)
The Oath of Allegiance
JOHN CALVIN, From Draft of Ecclesiastical Ordinances, September and October 1541
ST. IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA, From The Spiritual Exercises
ST. TERESA OF AVILA, From The Life of Teresa of Jesus
From Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent
GIOVANNI MICHIEL, From A Venetian Ambassador’s Report on the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
Chapter 14 Religious Wars and State Building, 1540–1660
REGINALD SCOT, From Discoverie of Witchcraft
HENRY BLOUNT, From A Voyage into the Levant
THE PLUNDERING AND BURNING OF A VILLAGE, A HANGING, AND PEASANTS AVENGE THEMSELVES (1633)
HANS JAKOB CHRISTOPH VON GRIMMELSHAUSEN, From Simplicissimus
MICHEL EYQUEM DE MONTAIGNE, From "It is Folly to Measure the True and False by Our Own Capacity"
MICHEL EYQUEM DE MONTAIGNE, From "Of Cannibals"
JOHN DONNE, From "The First Anniversarie"
BLAISE PASCAL, From Pensées
JEAN BODIN
- "From Instructions of the Magistracy of Health in Florence for Justices in the Countryside * * *"
- From On Sovereignty
THOMAS HOBBES, From Leviathan
Chapter 15 Age of Absolutism and Empire
HUGO GROTIUS, From On the Law of War and Peace
WILLIAM GOUDGE, From Of Domesticall Duties
THOMAS MUN, From Discourse on England’s Treasure by Forraign Trade
JEAN BAPTISTE COLBERT, A Memorandum, 1669, AND A Memorandum, 1670
JEAN BAPTISTE POQUELIN (MOLIÈRE), From The Citizen Who Apes the Nobleman
SAMUEL PEPYS, Coffee House Society
ROBERT FILMER, From Patriarcha
LOUIS XIV AND THE DUC DE SAINT-SIMON, Revocation and the Edict of Nantes
JOHN LOCKE, From Two Treatises on Government
PALACE AND GARDENS OF VERSAILLES (1668)
Marquis de Vauban AND Curé of Rumegies
ABBÉ GUILLAUME-THOMAS RAYNAL, From A Philosophical and Political History of the Settlements and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies
ADAM SMITH, From The Wealth of Nations
End of Volume 1
Chapter 16 Scientific Revolution
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS, from Six Books Concerning the Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs
GALILEO GALILEI, from The Starry Messenger and The Assayer
THE HUMAN BODY (1543)
FRANCIS BACON, from The Great Instauration
BLAISE PASCAL, from Pensées
RENÉ DESCARTES, from Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy
JOHN WALLIS, from A Defense of the Royal Society
THE ANATOMY LESSON OF DR. TULP (1632)
ISAAC NEWTON, from Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
JOHN LOCKE, from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
FRIEDRICH WILHELM HEINRICH ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLT, from Personal Narrative
Chapter 17 The Enlightenment
VOLTAIRE, from Letters Concerning the English Nation
DAVID HUME, from A Treatise of Human Nature
BARON DE LA BRÈDE ET DE MONTESQUIEU, from The Spirit of the Laws
CESARE, MARCHESE DI BECCARIA BONESANA, from An Essay on Crimes and Punishments
JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU, from The Social Contract
JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU, from Emile
Women’s Role in the Enlightenment
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT, from A Vindication of the Rights of Women
THE MALL (1783)
IMMANUEL KANT, "What is Enlightenment?"
MARQUIS DE CONDORCET, from Sketch for a Historical Picture on the Progress of the Human Mind
Chapter 18 The French Revolution
ARTHUR YOUNG, Travels in France during the years 1787, 1788, 1789
THOMAS JEFFERSON, The Declaration of Independence
ABBÉ EMMANUEL SIEYES, from What is the Third Estate?
THIRD ESTATE OF DOURDAN, from Grievance Petitions
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
- from The Tennis Court Oath
- from Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
TENNIS COURT OATH (1792)
NATIONAL CONVENTION, from Levée en Masse Edict
SOCIETY OF THE FRIENDS OF BLACKS, from Address to the National Assembly in Favor of the Abolition of the Slave Trade
NATIONAL CONVENTION, from The Law of Suspects
OLYMPE DE GOUGE, from Declaration of the Rights of Woman
NATIONAL CONVENTION
- Dissolution of Clubs and Popular Societies of Women
- Opposing Views of the Revolution: Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, from The Prelude
AL-JABARTI, Chronicle of the French Occupation, 1798
GLOIRE NATIONALE NAPOLEON, The Napoleonic Code
Chapter 19 Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth Century Society
ADAM SMITH, from The Wealth of Nations
ANDREW URE, from The Philosophy of Manufactures
POWER LOOMS IN A BRITISH COTTON FACTORY (1830)
THOMAS MALTHUS, from An Essay on the Principle of Population
FRIEDRICH LIST, from National System of Political Economy
Rules of a Factory in Berlin
FRIEDRICH ENGELS, from The Condition of the Working Class in England
SATANIC MILLS, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND (1851)
COMTE DE SAINT-SIMON, from "The Incoherence and Disorder of Industry"
THE CRYSTAL PALACE (1851)
ROERT OWEN, from A New View of Society
KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS, from Manifesto of the Communist Party
ANONYMOUS, An Address by a Journeyman Cotton Spinner
ANONYMOUS, from The Life & History of Captain Swing, the Kent Rick Burner, Written by Himself
RICHARD OASTLER, "Yorkshire Slavery"
MICHAEL RYAN, from Prostitution in London, with a comparative view of That of Paris and New York
FRANCIS PLACE, The People’s Charter and National Petition
HEINRICH HEINE, "The Silesian Weavers"
LONDON NOMADES (1877)
Chapter 20 From Restoration to Revolution, 1815–1848
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT, from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
BENJAMIN CONSTANT, from The Principle of Politics
ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE, from Democracy in America
THE NEWSPAPER READER IN THE TAVERN (1835)
KLEMENS VON METTERNICH, Letter to Neuman in London, Vienna, 24 June 1832
SATIRE OF LIBERAL REFORMS (1833)
WILLIAM WILBERFORCE, from An Appeal to the Religion, Justice, Humanity of the Inhabitants of the British Empire, in Behalf of the Negro Slaves in the West Indies
THOMAS CARTWRIGHT, Letter to Viscount Palmerston on the German Customs Union, 14 May 1836
W. J. FOX, from Speech on Corn Laws
JOHN STUART MILL, from On Liberty
ALEXANDER II, from Manifesto Emancipating the Serfs
JULES FERRY, from The State Must Be Secular and Letter to Teachers
POPE LEO XIII, from Rerum Novarum
SAM SMILES, from Thrift
ISABELLA BEETON, from The Book of Household Management
ELIZABETH POOLE SANFORD, from Woman in her Social and Domestic Character
Chapter 21 What is a Nation? Territories, States, and Citizens, 1848–1871
JOHANN GOTTFRIED HERDER, from Reflections on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind
JOHANN GOTTLIEB FICHTE, from Addresses to the German Nation
SIMON BOLIVAR, from "The Jamaica Letter"
LORD BYRON, "On this Day I complete my Thirty-sixth Year"
GREECE ON THE RUINS OF MISSOLONGHI (1826)
ADAM MICKIEWICZ, from The Books of the Polish Nation
DANIEL O’CONNELL, "Ireland Shall be Free"
FREDERICK DOUGLASS, from The Life
ALEXEI STEPANOVICH KHOMYAKOV, from To the Serbs: An Epistle from Moscow
GIUSEPPE MAZZINI, from Duties of Man
OTTO VON BISMARCK, from The Memoirs
ERNST RENAN, "What is a Nation?"
BATTLE OF NATIONS MONUMENT IN LEIPZIG (1913)
ÉDOUARD DRUMONT, from Jewish France
THEODOR HERZL, from The Jewish State
Chapter 22 Imperialism and Colonialism
ANONYMOUS, "An Inquiry into the Rights of the East India Company of Making War and Peace" (1772)
ISAAC BUTT, from "A Voice for Ireland"
DAVID LIVINGSTONE, from Cambridge Speech of 1857
MUHAMMED AS-SAFFAR, from Travels of a Moroccan Scholar in France in 1845–46
F.A. STEEL AND G. GARDINER, from The Complete Indian Housekeeper & Cook
LORD GEORGE NATHANIEL CURZON, Indian Art Exhibition at Delhi Speech
HALIL HALID, from The Diary of a Turk
ODALISQUE WITH SLAVE (1839)
FRIEDRICH FABRI, from Does Germany need Colonies?
HOUSTON STEWART CHAMBERLAIN, from Foundations of the Nineteenth Century
RUDYARD KIPLING, "The White Man’s Burden"
"LIGHTENING THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN" (1899)
EDMUND D. MOREL, from The Black Man’s Burden
VLADIMIR LENIN, from Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism
Chapter 23 The Challenge of the Modern West
ÉMILE ZOLA, from The Ladies’ Paradise
FREDERICK TAYLOR, from The Principles of Scientific Management
ERNEST EDWIN WILLIAMS, from Made in Germany
EDUARD BERNSTEIN, from Evolutionary Socialism
VLADIMIR LENIN, from Our Programme
CLARA ZETKIN, from "Women’s Work and the Organization of Trade Unions"
GEORGES SOREL, from Reflections on Violence
"THE PREVENTION OF HUNGER STRIKES"
EMMELINE PANKHURST, from The Why We Are Militant Speech
HENRIK IBSEN, from A Doll’s House
"MAN IS BUT A WORM" (1881)
CHARLES DARWIN, from The Origin of Species
FRANCIS GALTON, "Eugenics: Its Definition, Scope and Aims"
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE, from The Genealogy of Morals
SIGMUND FREUD, from Five Lectures on Psychoanalysis
Chapter 24 The First World War
The Trench Poets of the First World War
BATTLE OF VERDUN (1916)
Press Reports from the Front
HENRY BARBUSSE, from Under Fire: The Story of a Squad
ERNEST JÜNGER, from The Storm of Steel: From the Diary of a German Storm-Troop Officer on the Western Front
R. SCOTLAND LIDDELL, from On the Russian Front
BONNIE SMITH, from Confessions of a Concierge
VERA BRITTAIN
- from Testament of Youth
- From The Versailles Treaty
WAR PROPAGANDA (1917)
Chapter 25 Turmoil Between the Wars
N. N. SUKHANOV, from The Russian Revolution 1917
PETROGRAD SOVIET OF WORKER’S AND SOLDIERS’ DEPUTIES, Order Number One, March 1, 1917
OCTOBER (1927)
ALEXANDRA KOLLANTAI from The Autobiography of a Sexually Emancipated Communist Woman
VARLAM SHALAMOV, from Kolyma Tales
TRISTAN TZARA, Dada Manifestos
BENITO MUSSOLINI, from "Born of a Need for Action"
ADOLF HITLER, from Mein Kampf
GEORGE ORWELL, from The Road to Wigan Pier
SIGMUND FREUD, from Civilization and Its Discontents
ALBERT EINSTEIN, from Science and Religion
THE JOURNALIST SYLVIA VON HARDEN (1927)
Chapter 26 The Second World War
CONSTANCIA DE LA MORA, from In Place of Splendor: The Autobiography of a Spanish Woman
The Atlantic Charter and Third World Nationalism
MARC BLOCH, from Strange Defeat
WINSTON CHURCHILL, from Wars Are Not Won by Evacuation
HILDE MARCHANT, from Women and Children Last: A Woman Reporter’s Account of the Battle of Britain
THE BOMBING OF DRESDEN
VASSILY GROSSMAN, from "In the Line of the Main Attack"
ANNY LATOUR, from The Jewish Resistance in France, 1940–1944
MAP OF EINSATZGRUPPEN MASSACRES (1941–42)
PRIMO LEVI, from Survival in Auschwitz
from Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals
TADATAKA KURIBAYASHI, from A Child’s Experience: My Experience of the Atomic Bomb
from Charter of the United Nations
Chapter 27 The Cold War World: Global Politics, Economic Recovery, and Cultural Change
WINSTON CHURCHILL, from "The Sinews of Peace"
JEAN MONNET, from Memoirs
HUNGARIAN UPRISING, BUDAPEST (23 OCTOBER 1956)
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV, from "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences"
French Students and Workers Unite in Protest
STUDENT UPRISING IN PARIS (MAY 1968)
MARGARET THATCHER, from Speech to the Conservative Party Conference
ADAM MICHNIK, from Letters from Prison
VÁCLAV HAVEL, from The Power of the Powerless
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV, from "On Restructuring the Party’s Personnel Policy"
SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR, from The Second Sex
Chapter 28 Globalization and the Twenty-First Century World
MAHATMA GANDHI, from The Essential Writings
FRANTZ FANON, from The Wretched of the Earth
GANDHI AT SPINNING WHEEL
SAYYID QUTB, Jihad in the Cause of Allah
RUHOLLAH KHOMEINI, from Islamic Government
CHAI LING, from "I am Still Alive"
THE UNITED NATIONS, from Global Outlook 2000
GÜNTER WALLRAFF, from Lowest of the Low
THE UNITED NATIONS, from Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women
LYUBOV SIROTA, from "Chernobyl Poems"
NUCLEAR DISASTER AT CHERNOBYL (1986)
SLAVENKA DRAKULIC, Bosnia, or What Europe Means to Us
JOSÉ BOVÉ, from The World is Not for Sale: Farmers against Junk Food

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Perspectives from the Past

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