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Chapter 4

Socialization and the Life Cycle

Review Exercises

1. Define socialization and describe how it contributes to social reproduction.
2. The authors explain that what differentiates humans from other species is self awareness. Briefly discuss Mead’s theory of childhood development.
3. The authors explain that what differentiates humans from other species is self awareness. Briefly discuss Piaget’s theory of childhood development.
4. What are the agents of socialization? In your opinion, what is the most important or influential agent of socialization and why?
5. Define social roles and give an example of a social role that pertains to your own life.
6. What is the difference between personal and social identity? List some of the sources of both personal and social identity.
7. Describe how people learn gender roles and elaborate on the roles of the family and the media in this learning process.
8. What are the difficulties of non-sexist child rearing? Do you think this is an important goal? Why or why not?
9. Compare and contrast Freud and Chodorow’s theories of development of gender identity.
10. What are the stages of the life course? Describe how they vary culturally and historically.

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