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ultimatum task A task commonly used to measure people's tendency toward fairness or selfishness in dividing some resource.
ultradian rhythm The 90- to 100-minute biological rhythm that characterizes the alternation of REM and slow-wave periods during sleep and attentiveness while awake. See also circadian rhythm.
unconditional positive regard For Carl Rogers, the belief that one is accepted and loved without reservation; an essential component of Rogerian psychotherapy.
unconditioned reflex See unconditioned response.
unconditioned response (UR) In classical conditioning, the response that is elicited without prior training by the unconditioned stimulus (US). See also conditioned response (CR), conditioned stimulus (CS), unconditioned stimulus (US).
unconditioned stimulus (US) In classical conditioning, the stimulus that elicits the unconditioned response (UR) and the presentation of which acts as reinforcement. See conditioned response (CR), conditioned stimulus (CS), unconditioned response (UR).
unconscious inference A process postulated by Hermann von Helmholtz to explain certain perceptual phenomena such as size constancy. For example, an object is perceived to be at a certain distance and this is unconsciously taken into account in assessing its retinal image size, with the result that size constancy is maintained. See also size constancy.
unipolar depression See major depression.
unique blue The hue corresponding to a wavelength of 445 nanometers, which is perceived as containing no red or green.
unique green The hue corresponding to a wavelength of 500 nanometers, which is perceived as containing no blue or yellow.
unique yellow The hue corresponding to a wavelength of 570 nanometers, which is perceived as containing no red or green.
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