| What Are the Characteristics of Interest Groups? |
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Interest Groups Enhance Democracy . . . |
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. . . but Also Represent the Evils of Faction |
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Organized Interests Are Predominantly Economic |
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All Groups Require Money and Leadership, and Most Need Members |
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Group Membership Has an Upper-Class Bias |
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Groups Form in Response to Changes in the Political Environment |
How and Why Do Interest Groups Form? |
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Interest Groups Facilitate Cooperation |
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Selective Benefits: A Solution to the Collective Action Problem |
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Political Entrepreneurs Organize and Maintain Groups |
How Do Interest Groups Influence Policy? |
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Direct Lobbying |
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Using the Courts |
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Mobilizing Public Opinion |
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Using Electoral Politics |
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Interest Groups: Are They Effective? |
Groups and Interests: The Dilemma of Reform |
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