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Taboush, Rabbi Raphael: Syrian Jewish composer of nineteenth-century Aleppo.

tail: See nduah.

tan nhac: A Westernized Vietnamese popular song tradition of the French colonial period that used Western instruments, Vietnamese lyrics and occasionally, drew on Vietnamese folk melodies.

tango: An Argentinian-derived style of song and dance.

tempo: The speed of the pulse.

Tet: Vietnamese New Year.

text setting: The way in which a text is sung or "set to music. See syllabic text setting and melismatic text setting.

texture: The manner in which simultaneous musical sounds interrelate.

theme: A short melody which is prominently stated and then recurs throughout the course of a piece of music.

throat-singing: See khoomii.

"The Thrush": See Carlos Gardel.

Tibetan Buddhist chant: See dbyangs.

tizita: A category of tuning and melody based on a pentatonic scale widely used in secular music from the Ethiopian highlands.

tonal music: Music in which a single pitch and its associated harmonies serve as the point of departure and return.

toque: The rhythmic patterns played by the bat· drum in Santerìa ceremonies.

Tosh, Peter: Born as Winston Hubert McIntosh (1944-1987), one of the most controversial musicians involved in developing reggaeís musical and political profile. Bob Marleyís partner in The Wailers.

transcription: The writing down of music in notation.

tremolo: A regular fluctuation or "trembling of the sound, produced by shaking the hand which controls the intensity on instruments or by manipulating the vocal chords.

triangle: A small triangular struck idiophone made of solid cylindrical metal struck with a metal bar.

triple meter: A rhythmic organization based on groupings (measures) of three beats.

trumpet: An aerophone in which a buzzing of the playerís compressed lips causes the air in the instrument to vibrate.

tshig: Tibetan term for sung syllables with discursive meaning. Contrast with vocables.

tuning: (1) The act of adjusting the frequencies produced by one or more instruments so that they sound at the same pitch (2) Any ordered collection of intervals whose members are organized around a system understood as discretely logical in a given cultural context.

Tuva: An autonomous Russian republic located in Inner Asia between Siberia and Mongolia. See also khoomii.