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Chapter
12
Heavy Metal, Rap, and the Rise of Alternative Rock (1982-1992)
Outline
  1. Heavy Metal
    1. Origin of the name unclear
      1. Varied origins
      2. Appears as a distinct genre in the 1980s
    2. Class
      1. Blue-collar roots
      2. Honesty, loyalty, unselfish devotion to partying
    3. New wave of British heavy metal
      1. Ozzy Osbourne solo
        1. Blizzard of Ozz, 1980
      2. Judas Priest
        1. "Breaking the Law," 1980
      3. Def Leppard
        1. "Photograph," 1983
    4. Los Angeles
      1. Music industry center in 1980s, especially for metal
      2. Van Halen
        1. 1984, 1984
      3. Quiet Riot
        1. Metal Health, 1983
      4. Mötley Crüe
        1. Girls Girls Girls, 1987
      5. Ratt
      6. Twisted Sister
      7. Musical features of LA metal
        1. High, screaming vocals
        2. Loud assertive drumming
        3. Unison, anthem-like vocals
    5. Later metal-influenced rock, hair bands
      1. Bon Jovi
        1. "Livin' On a Prayer," 1986
      2. Guns n' Roses
        1. Appetite for Destruction, 1987
      3. Hair bands
        1. Often wore makeup
        2. Hairspray
        3. Costumes
        4. Power ballads
        5. Poison
        6. Warrant
    6. Serious-minded metal
      1. Metallica
        1. …And Justice For All, 1988
      2. Motörhead
      3. Megadeath
      4. Anthrax
      5. Slayer
    7. Virtuosity
      1. Metal often featured virtuosic performance
        1. Fast, technical guitar solos
      2. Continuation of ambition aesthetic
  2. Rap
    1. Hip-hop culture
      1. Music
      2. Graffiti
      3. Break dancing
      4. Dress
      5. Neighborhood parties
        1. DJs
        2. Early rap
      6. DJ Kool Herc
      7. Grandmaster Flash
      8. Technological innovations
        1. Breaks
        2. Scratching
    2. Rap on record
      1. Sugar Hill Gang
        1. "Rapper's Delight," 1979
      2. Kurtis Blow
        1. "The Breaks (Part I)," 1980
      3. Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five
        1. "The Message," 1982
    3. Crossover rap
      1. Def Jam
        1. Based in New York
        2. Russell Simmons, Rick Rubin, owners
        3. Artists
          1. LL Cool J
            1. "I Can't Live without My Radio," 1985
          2. Beastie Boys
            1. "(You Gotta) Fight For Your Right (to Party)," 1987
          3. Run-DMC
            1. "Walk This Way," 1986
      2. Later rap
        1. Gangsta rap
          1. Ice-T
          2. N.W.A.
        2. Social criticism
          1. Boogie Down Productions
          2. Public Enemy
          3. Queen Latifah
  3. Alternative Rock
    1. Early influences
      1. Hüsker Dü
      2. Sonic Youth
    2. Seattle
      1. Nirvana
        1. "Smells Like Teen Spirit," 1991
        2. In Utero, 1993
        3. Catchy, simple guitar pattern played on the low strings
        4. Foo Fighters
          1. Band formed by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl
      2. Pearl Jam
        1. Ten, 1992
        2. Important purveyors of the anti-commercial aesthetic of the alt-rock lifestyle
      3. Soundgarden
      4. Alice in Chains
    3. San Francisco
      1. Green Day
      2. Faith No More
    4. Southern California
      1. Red Hot Chili Peppers
      2. Stone Temple Pilots
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