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Chapter
3
The Demise of Rock and the Promise of Soul (1959-1963)
Outline
  1. Splitting up the Market
    1. Brill Building
      1. Teen pop music
      2. Both place and stylistic label
      3. Aldon Publishing
      4. Brill Building approach
        1. Artist was not at the center of the process
        2. Return to the way business had been done pre-rock
    2. Teen idols
      1. Cast as potential boyfriends
      2. Frankie Avalon
      3. Bobby Rydell
      4. Bobby Darin
      5. Neil Sedaka
    3. American Bandstand
      1. Familiar radio show adapted to television
      2. Best-known host was Dick Clark
      3. Lip-synched performances
      4. Facilitated interest in dancing
    4. Folk music
      1. College-age listeners
      2. Music that seemed more real that commercial pop
      3. Populist characters
        1. Untutored quality of folksingers
        2. Break with the norms of middle-class life
        3. Almost anyone could play it
      4. Brief fascination with Caribbean music
      5. Importance of album sales
      6. Two sides of the folk revival
        1. Those who explored rich literature of documented folk music
          1. Bob Dylan
          2. Joan Baez
        2. Commercial, pop-based imitators
          1. Kingston Trio
          2. Highwaymen
          3. New Christy Minstrels
          4. Peter, Paul, and Mary
            1. Comparison of "Blowin' in the Wind"
  2. The Rise of the Producer
    1. What is a producer?
      1. A&R, matching artists and repertoire
      2. Hiring muscians
      3. Had crucial decision-making authority
      4. Development of ambitious attitudes toward pop
        1. Musical sophistication
        2. Trademark "sound"
        3. Record is more than a recorded live performance
    2. Leiber and Stoller
      1. Music for Elvis
        1. "Hound Dog"
        2. "Jailhouse Rock"
        3. "Don't"
      2. Early 50s rhythm and blues
      3. Spark records
      4. Atlantic Records
        1. Maintained independence
      5. Coasters
        1. Playlets
        2. "Smokey Joe's Café"
        3. "Little Egypt"
    3. Social issues
      1. "Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow?"
    4. Girl groups
      1. Songwriting teams
        1. Sedaka/Greenfield
        2. King/Goffin
        3. Weil/Mann
        4. Berry/Greenwich
      2. Mostly black female groups
      3. Solo female singers
      4. Controlled by industry
        1. Producers and songwriters had creative control over music
    5. Phil Spector
      1. Worked under Leiber and Stoller
      2. Ambitious producer
      3. Girl-group pop
      4. Signature "wall of sound"
        1. "Da Doo Ron Ron," Crystals
        2. "Then He Kissed Me" Crystals
        3. "Be My Baby," Ronettes
        4. "You've Lost that Lovin' Feelin'," Righteous Brothers
  3. Sweet Soul
    1. Blending of rhythm and blues with strings
      1. Nat King Cole
      2. Johnny Mathis
    2. Sam Cooke
      1. Sang with gospel Soul Stirrers
      2. "You Send Me"
    3. Ray Charles
    4. Controversy of switching from gospel to pop
    5. Drifters
      1. Clyde McPhatter, featured singer
      2. Ben E. King, featured singer
        1. Later solo career
    6. Dionne Warwick
  4. Rockabilly Pop
    1. Brill Building influence in country music
    2. Everly Brothers
      1. Cadence Records
      2. Warner Brothers
      3. Both brothers wrote songs
      4. Clear country, rhythm and blues influences
      5. Distinctive duet singing
    3. Roy Orbison
      1. Sun Records
      2. RCA
      3. Monument
      4. Wrote most of his own material
      5. Distinctive falsetto voice
    4. Ricky Nelson
      1. Child radio and television star, playing himself
      2. Early music tied into television show
      3. Did not write his own music
  5. Surf Music
    1. Beach Boys
      1. Capital
      2. Distinctive backing vocals
        1. Doo-wop
        2. Girl group
        3. Glee club
      3. Compositionally innovative
      4. Writing and production of Brian Wilson
    2. Jan and Dean
    3. Instrumental surf musici.
      1. Dick Dale
      2. Duane Eddy
  6. Baby, Baby Songs
    1. "There Goes My Baby"
    2. "Be My Baby"
    3. "Don't Worry Baby"
  7. The Splatter Platter
    1. Songs dramatically portraying teenage death
    2. "Leader of the Pack"
    3. "Dead Man's Curve"
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