Key Points
- The French Revolution resulted in the rise of a middle-class, or bourgeois, society.
- Romantic poets and artists abandoned traditional subjects, turning instead to the passionate and the fanciful; novels explored deep human conflicts and exotic settings and subjects.
- The Industrial Revolution spurred technical advances in musical instruments and made them more affordable.
- Educational opportunities broadened as music conservatories were established across Europe and the Americas.
- The orchestra grew in size and sound: new, improved instruments were introduced and composers demanded new levels of expression.
- Romantic composers explored nationalistic folklore and exotic subjects.
- Romantic music is characterized by memorable melodies, richly expressive harmony, and broad, expanded forms.
- The Romantic era saw the rise of the virtuoso soloist and of amateur music-making.
- Women musicians achieved an elevated status in society as performers, teachers, composers, and music patrons.
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