Worlds Together, Worlds Apart, 2 e.
Glossary
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Glossary Terms for letter: V
Vaishya Householders or lesser clan members in Vedic society who worked the land and tended livestock.
Vardhamana Mahavira Advocate of Jainism who lived from 540 to 468 BCE; he emphasized interpretation of the Upanishads to govern and guide daily life.
Vedas Rhymes, hymns, and explanatory texts composed by Aryan priests; the Vedas became their most holy scripture and part of their religious rituals. They were initially passed down orally, in Sanskrit. Brahmans, priests of Vedic culture, incorporated the texts into ritual and society. The Vedas are considered the final authority of Hinduism.
Vedic people People who came from the steppes of Inner Asia around 1500 BCE and entered the fertile lowlands of the Indus River basin, gradually moving as far south as the Deccan plateau. They called themselves Aryan, which means "respected ones," and spoke Sanskrit, an Indo-European language.
Veiling Introduced by Assyrian authorities in the thirteenth century BCE, this practice of modest dress was required of respectable women in the empire.
Venus figures Representations of the goddess of fertility drawn on the Chauvet Cave in southeastern France. Discovered in 1994, they are probably about 35,000 years old.
Vikings A people from Scandinavia who were literally "on the warpath." They wanted to replace the Franks as the dominant warrior class in northern Europe and set about doing so in the ninth century.
Vishnu The second of three Vedic deities, signifying existence. See also Brahma and Siva.
Viziers Bureaucrats of the Ottoman Empire.
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