- Chapter 2. Rivers, Cities, and First States, 4000-2000 bce
- Settlement, Pastoralism, and Trade
- Early Cities along River Basins
- Smaller Settlements around 3500 BCE
- Pastoral Nomadic Communities
- The Rise of Trade
- Between Two Rivers: Mesopotamia (5500-2000 bce)
- Tapping the Waters
- Crossroads of Southwest Asia
- First Cities
- Gods and Temples
- The Palace and Royal Power
- Social Hierarchy and Families
- First Writing and Early Texts
- Spreading Cities and First Territorial States
- Indus Valley: A Parallel Culture
- Harappan City Life
- Trade
- The Gift of the Nile: Egypt (5000-2000 bce)
- The Nile River and Its Floodwaters
- Egypt's Unique Riverine Culture
- The Rise of the State and Dynasties
- Rituals, Pyramids, and True Order
- Religion of Ancient Egypt
- Writing and Scribes
- The Prosperity of Egypt
- The Later Dynasties and Their Demise
- Riverine Peoples in East Asia (5000-2000 bce)
- From Yangshao to Longshan Culture
- Life in Liangzhu
- Afro-Eurasian Life on the Margins
- Aegean Worlds
- Anatolia
- The Western Frontier: Europe
- Conclusion
- Study Questions
- Further Readings
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