Western Civilizations, 16^th Edition

Documents

1. Babylonian Accounts of Creation
2. Babylonian Penitential Psalms
3. Chaldaean Account of the Deluge
4. The Book of Genesis: Creation
5. Code of Hammurabi (c. 2250 B.C.E.)
6. Herodotus, An Account of the Egyptians
7. Hymn to the Nile
8. Ishtar’s Descent Into Hades
9. The Instruction of Ptah-Hotep (c. 2450 B.C.E.)
10. Sumerian Accounting Tablet (c.2200-1900 B.C.E.)
11. The Royal Standard of Ur, “war” and “peace” side (c.2600-2400 B.C.E.)

1. Akhenaton’s Hymn to the Aton
2. The Great Inscription of Darius at Behistun (c. 500 B.C.E.)
3. The Career of Queen Hatshepsut (Hatasu)
4. Minoan Bull Leaping, The Toreador Fresco, Knossos Palace, Crete, c.1500 B.C.E.
5. An Inscription of Nebuchadnezzar (c. early 6th century B.C.E.)
6. Assyrian Inscription of Tiglath-Pileser I (c. 1100 B.C.E.)
7. Reflections of Zarathustra on the Sublimity and Bountifulness of Ahura
8. Zarathustra and the Doctrine of Dualism
9. A Sermon Attributed to Zoroaster

1. Herodotus, Clesithenes and Athenian Democracy (c. 500 B.C.E.)
2. Euripides, A Meeting of the Ecclesia
3. Hesiod, Works and Days
4. Herodotus, The Battle of Marathon
5. Pausanias, A Description of Olympia in the Days of Its Glory, c. 776 B.C.E.
6. Plutarch, Pericles Beautifies Athens
7. Pindar, Second Olympian Ode (c. early 5th century B.C.E.)
8. Herodotus, the Battle of Platæa
9. Herodotus, The Battle of Salamis
10. Plutarch, The Spartan Discipline for Youths
11. Plutarch, Aristides and his Opposition to Themistocles
12. Xenophon, The Ideal Household

1. Arrian, Alexander and the Assimilation of the East
2. Plutarch, The Youth of Alexander the Great
3. Cleanthes’ Hymn to Zeus (c. 3rd century B.C.E)
4. Plutarch, How Demosthenes Became an Orator
5. Arrian, Alexander at the Battle of Gaugamela
6. Justin, How Philip of Macedon Began His Reign (c. 3rd century C.E.)
7. The Great Spectacle and Procession of Ptolemy Philadelphus
8. Diogenes Laërtius: The Sceptics: Life of Pyrrho
9. Athenæus, The Great Ship of Hieron, King of Syracuse
10. Strabo, A Description of Alexandria

1. Appian, “On the Graachi” (c. 2nd century C.E.)
2. The Canuleian Law (445 B.C.E)
3. Cicero, On the Best Form of Government (c. 1st century B.C.E.)
4. Cicero, On the Laws (c. 1st century B.C.E.)
5. Livy, How Cincinnatus Saved a Roman Army (c. early 1st century C.E.)
6. Juvenal, Diatribe Against the Women of Rome (c. 100 C.E.)
7. Petronius, The Banquet of Trimalchio (c. 1st century C.E.)
8. Polybius, An Analysis of Roman Government (c. 2nd century B.C.E.)
9. Quintillian, “The Ideal Education,” (1st century C.E.)
10. Ammianus Marcellinus, The Luxury and Arrogance of the Rich in Rome (c. late 3rd century C.E.)
11. Sallust, The Conspiracy of Catiline (c. 1st century B.C.E.)
12. Plutarch, Spartacus and the Slave Revolt (c. 1st century C.E.)
13. The Laws of the Twelve Tables (c. 450 B.C.E.)

1. Theodoret, How St. Ambrose Humiliated Theodosius the Great
2. Priscus on the Court of Attila King of the Huns, 448
3. Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
4. The Early Conception of a Catholic Church, 3rd century
5. Eusebius, How Constantine Overthrew Maxentius and Favored Christianity (c. early 4th century C.E.)
6. Ammianus Marcellinus, The Movement of the Huns and Goths into the Roman Empire, late 4th century
7. Origen, Principles of Faith, c. 3rd century
8. Pope Leo’s Sermon on the Petrine Sucession, mid-5th century
9. Conversation of Priscus with a Greek living among the Barbarians, 448
10. Accounts of Roman Persecution of the Christians
11. Salvian, A Comparison Between the Lot of Those Within the Empire and Those Who Lived Among the Barbarians, c. 440

1. Bede, The Conversion of England (c. early 8th century)
2. Bede, Description of Purgatory, Hell and Heaven, 731
3. The Carolingian Revival of Learning, c. late-8th century
4. Einhard, How Charlemagne Became Emperor
5. General Capitulary for the Missi, 802
6. The Deeds of Clovis as Related by Gregory of Tours, 6th century
7. Liutprand of Cremona, Report of his Mission to Constantinople (c. 1000)
8. Selections from the Qur´an

1. The Battle of Hastings, William of Malmesbury
2. The Law of the Family of the Bishop of Worms, 1023
3. Viscount of Carcassone does homage to the abbot of St. Mary of Grasse (1110)
4. The Sack of Constantinople, c. 1205
5. Aanselm of Ribemont to Manasses II, Archbishop of Reims, before Antioch, about February 10, 1098
6. Stephen, Count of Blois and Chartres, to His Wife, Adele, before Antioch, March 29, 1098
7. Daimbert, Godfrey and Raymond, to the Pope, Laodicea, September, 1099
8. Magna Carta, 1215
9. Manumission of a Villein, 1278
10. The Charter of the Ministerials of the Archbishop of Cologne, 1154
11. The Truce of God, issued at Cologne (1083)
12. Speech of Urban II at the Council of Clermont, November 26, 1095

1. Description of the Albigensians, c. 13th century
2. Petrarch’s Description of the Averroists, c. 13th century
3. The Early Career of St. Bernard, c. 1150
4. Early Consciousness of Abuses in the Church, c. 12th century
5. The Donation of Constantine (c.750-800)
6. Dante, The Banquet
7. Gregory VII, The Dictate of the Pope (c. 1090)
8. Bernard Gui on the Albigensians
9. The Foundation of the University of Heidelberg (1386)
10. Medieval Students’ Songs, c. 12th century
11. The Foundation of the Monastery at Cluny, 910
12. University of Paris: Condemnation of Errors, 1241
13. The Rule of St. Francis of Assisi
14. Statutes of Robert De Courçon for Paris, 1215
15. Statutes of Gregory IX, for the University of Paris, 1231
16. The Conversion of Peter Waldo (c.1218)

1. Giovanni Boccaccio on the plague, from the Decameron
2. Formula for Conducting the Ordeal of Boiling Water, 12th or 13th century
3. Council of Constance: List of Abuses Demanding Reform, October 30, 1417
4. Council of Constance: The Decree “Frequens,” of October 9, 1417
5. The Body of a Burnt Heretic Turns Into Toads, c. 13th century
6. English Peasants´ Revolt, 1381
7. Petrarch on the Papal Court at Avignon
8. Manifesto of the Revolting Cardinals, August 5, 1378
9. Report of the Wardens of the Gild of St. Katherine at Norwich, 1389
10. Ordinances of the Gild Merchant of Southampton
11. The Statute of Laborers, 1351
12. Selections, Tales of the Devil
13. Selections, Tales of Relics
14. Wycliffe and the Lollards
15. Wycliffe’s Reply to the Summons of Pope Urban VI (1384)

1. Order of the Pageants of the Corpus Christi Play in the City of York, 1415
2. Drake's Great Armada, late 16th century
3. Law Against Excesses of the Villains, 1377
4. Magellan's Voyage Around the World, c. 1519-1522
5. Marco Polo, The Glories Of Kinsay [Hangchow] (c. 1300)
6. Quentin Massys, The Moneylender and His Wife (1514)
7. Thomas Mun and the Theory and Practice of Mercantilism, mid-17th century
8. Ordinances of the Gild of the Tailors, Exeter, 1466
9. Vasco da Gama, Round Africa to India (1497-1498)
10. A Venetian Account of Germany, 1507

1. Burckhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
2. The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini
3. Erasmus, The Praise of Folly (1508)
4. Description of Sir Thomas More by Erasmus, (Antwerp, July 28, 1519)
5. Machiavelli, Of Cruelty and Clemency, from The Prince
6. Petrarch, “Letters of Friendly Discourse”
7. Petrarch, “Letter to Posterity”
8. Giorgio Vasari, The Life of Leonardo Da Vinci (1550)
9. Petrus Paulus Vergerius De Ingenuis Moribus

1. The Augsburg Confession, 1530
2. John Calvin, On Predestination
3. John Calvin, Preface to the Institutes
4. The Edict of the Diet of Worms, May 1521
5. Ulrich von Hutten’s Appeal to the Elector of Saxony (1520)
6. Loyola, The Constitution of the Jesuits, Bull of September 27, 1540
7. Luther, Address to the German Nobility (1520)
8. Martin Luther, On Good Works, 1520
9. Luther Against the Peasants (1525)
10. Luther, The Ninety-Five Theses (1517)
11. German Peasant Manifesto (1524)
12. The Preaching of Indulgences, from the Instructions, 1517
13. Tetzel’s Sermon on Preaching Indulgences
14. Decrees of the Council of Trent
15. Zwingli Defends His Teachings (1523)

1. Jean Bodin, The Duty of Persecution, 1580
2. Charles I, “Declaration of Sports,” 1633
3. Directions for the Torture of a Witch, 1486
4. Henry IV, The Edict of Nantes, 1598
5. The Reformation in France, The French Propositions, 1563
6. John Winthrop, “Reasons to be considered for justifying the undertakers of the intended plantation in New England,” 1629
7. Jacques-Auguste De Thou, The Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1572
8. Friedrich Spee, The Methods of the Witch Persecutions, 1631
9. John Milton, On Education, 1644
10. Montaigne, “On the Education of Children,” 1580
11. The Peace of Augsburg, 1555
12. Report of the Venetian Ambassador, The People of France, 1558
13. The Witch Bull of 1484

1. The English Bill of Rights, 1689
2. Jacques-Benigne Bossuet, “Kings ‘By the Grace of God,’” 1679
3. John Amos Comenius, Educational Ideals, 17th century
4. The Grand Remonstrance, 1641
5. John Locke, The Basis of Property is Labor, 1690
6. Cotton Mather, The Nature and Reality of Witchcraft, 1689
7. Louis XIV, The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 1685
8. William Penn, “The Peace of Europe,” 1693
9. Bishop Burnet, Impression of Peter the Great’s visit to England, 1698
10. Peter the Great and the Streltsi, 1698
11. The Petition of Right, 1628
12. Richelieu, Political Testament, 1624
13. Saint-Simon, The Court of Louis XIV, early 18th century
14. Madame de Sévigné, The Court of Louis XIV, 1671

1. Giordano Bruno, On the Infinite Universe and Worlds (1584)
2. Nicolas Copernicus, Dedication of The Revolution of the Heavenly Bodies to Pope Paul III, 1543
3. Rene Descartes, Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy (1637)
4. Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo, trans. by Stillman Drake, (New York: Doubleday, 1957), pp. 175, 177, 182-184.
5. William Harvey, On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (1628?)
6. Anthony Von Leeuwenhoek, “Observations on Animalcula,” c. 1700
7. Isaac Newton, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687)
8. Paracelsus, The Coelum Philosophorum, or Book of Vexations (c. early 16th century)
9. Claudius Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos, (“The Quadripartite Mathematical Treatise”)
10. Francis Bacon, “Salomon’s House,” from The New Atlantis, 1627

1. George Berkeley, The Principles of Human Knowledge (1710)
2. Diderot, The Philosopher
3. Edward Jenner, “An Inquiry Into the Causes and Effects of the Variolæ Vaccinæ, Or Cow-Pox” (1798)
4. Kant, An Answer to the Question, “What is Enlightenment?” (1784)
5. Kant, Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysic (1783)
6. Montesquieu, from the Persian Letters (1721)
7. Montesquieu, from The Spirit of the Laws (1748)
8. Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (1776)
9. Voltaire on Toleration, 1763

1. The Decree Abolishing the Feudal System, August 11, 1789
2. Address of the National Assembly to the French People, February 11, 1790
3. Arthur Young, “The Condition of the French People,” from Travels in France (1792)
4. The Cahiers of the Third Estate of Carcassonne (1789)
5. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy, July 12, 1790
6. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (August 1789)
7. Jean-Paul Marat, L’Ami du Peuple (1791)
8. Memoir Drawn up by the Comte de Mirabeau (October 15, 1789)
9. Abbé Sieyès, What is the Third Estate? (1789)
10. Madame de Staël on the Ancien Regime, 1818
11. The First and Second Estate (nobles and clergy) ride on the back of the Third, the peasants.
12. Jacques Turgot, “On Accepting Office” (1774)

1. Samuel Bamford, Passages in the Life of a Radical
2. Asenath Nicholson, The Irish Famine
3. Richard Guest, The Steam Loom (1823)
4. The Luddite Oath
5. Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)
6. Robert Owen, A New View of Society (1816)
7. The Peterloo Massacre (1819)
8. David Ricardo, The Iron Law of Wages (1817)
9. The Sadler Committee (1832)
10. Arnold Toynbee, Lectures on the Industrial Revolution in England (1884)
11. Andrew Ure, The Philosophy of Manufactures (1835)

1. Louis Blanc, The Organization of Labour (1840)
2. Thomas Carlyle, Signs of the Times, 1829
3. Chartism, The People’s Petition (1838)
4. The French Charter of 1814
5. Proclamation of Greek Independence (1822)
6. William Hazlitt, “On the Ignorance of the Learned,” 1822
7. The overthrow of the Orleanist monarchy is proclaimed by the provisional government, February 24, 1848
8. Thomas Babington Macaulay, Speech On The Reform Bill of 1832, March 2, 1831
9. Talleyrand, Letter to Louis XVIII (1815)
10. Brief Review of the First Results of the Conferences at Troppau
11. William Wordsworth, The Tables Turned (1798)

1. Alexander II, The Emancipation of the Russian Serfs (1861)
2. The Compromise (Ausgleich) of 1867
3. Bismarck, The Ems Telegram (July 13, 1870)
4. Bismarck, Speeches on the Prussian Constitution
5. Cavour, Letter to a Friend Expressing Moderation (1833)
6. Fichte, Address to the German Nation (1807)
7. Garibaldi and the Sicilian Expedition
8. The Reestablishment of the German Empire, January 18, 1871
9. Peter Kropotkin, Domestic Life of a Russian Noble Family (1899)
10. Mazzini’s Instructions to the Members of Young Italy (1831)
11. Mazzini, An Essay On the Duties of Man Addressed to Workingmen (1898)
12. Victor Emmanuel’s Address at the Opening Session of the Italian Parliament (1861)
13. King William Explains the Cause of the War with Austria (1866)

1. An Account of the Boxer Uprising (1900)
2. Joseph Chamberlain, Birmingham Speech on the Need for Foreign Markets
3. The Treatment of Natives in the Congo
4. Jules Ferry, On French Colonial Expansion
5. Mary H. Fulton, On Christian Missionaries
6. Francis Galton, Eugenics – Its Definition, Scope, and Aims (1904)
7. John Arthur Hobson, Imperialism (1902)
8. Rudyard Kipling, The White Man’s Burden
9. Sir Alfred C. Lyall, British Dominion in India (c. 1890s)
10. Lord Milner, The English Occupation of Egypt
11. Edward Morel, The Black Man’s Burden (1903)
12. Chinese Proclamation Ordering Foreigners to Deliver Up Their Opium (1839)
13. Sir Harry Parks, Letter to His Wife Regarding Charles George Gordon (1864)
14. American Imperialism in the Philippines (1903)
15. Theodore Roosevelt, Review of Houston Stewart Chamberlain’s The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century

1. Letter of the Revolutionary Committee to Alexander III (1881)
2. Bismarck, Speech on the Anti-Socialist Law
3. The Treaty of Berlin (1878)
4. Bloody Sunday (January 22, 1905)
5. Alexander II’s Proclamation to the Bulgarians (1877)
6. Clemenceau, The Radical Program (c.1906)
7. The Fabian Program of Reform (c.1900)
8. Report on German Welfare (1904)
9. The German Social Democrat Gotha Program (1875)
10. Pope Puis IX, The “Syllabus of Errors” (1864)
11. Proclamation Inciting a Jewish Pogrom (1903)
12. Eyewitness Account of the Siege of Paris (1870/71)
13. Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism (c. 1857)
14. Adolphe Thiers, Reasons for Favoring a Republic
15. Emile Zola, “J’accuse!” (January 13, 1898)

1. Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Points (January 8, 1918)
2. Austrian Ultimatum to Serbia, July 23, 1914
3. Henri Barbusse, Under Fire: The Story of a Squad (1916)
4. Friedrich Von Bernhardi, Germany and the Next War (1914)
5. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 3, 1918)
6. Entente Cordiale, 8 April 1904
7. Sir Douglas Haig´s 2nd Despatch (Somme), December 23, 1916
8. Lenin, Six Theses On The Immediate Tasks Of The Soviet Government (c. April 1918)
9. Erich Ludendorff on the New German Government, February 1919
10. The Abdication of Nicholas II (March 15, 1917)
11. Norman Angell, The Great Illusion (1913)
12. Leon Trotsky, The Art of Insurrection (1930)
13. Wilfred Owen, Dulce Et Decorum Est

1. Letter from Feigin to Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Regarding Conditions on the Kolkhozes
2. M. W. Fodor, “The Spread of Hitlerism” (1936)
3. Joseph Goebbels, “We Demand” (1927)
4. Mussolini, “What is Fascism?” (1932)
5. Ortega y Gasset, The Revolt of the Masses (1930)
6. Philipp Scheidemann (SPD), Proclamation of the Republic, November 9,1918
7. Oswald Spengler, The Decline of the West (1922)
8. Stalin, Dizzy with Success: Concerning Questions of the Collective-Farm Movement (1930)
9. Julius Streicher, “The Guilty” (1933)
10. Surrealism: The Declaration of January 27, 1924

1. Neville Chamberlain, "Peace in our Time," Speech given in Defense of the Munich Agreement, 1938
2. R. H. S. Crossman, “Apocalypse at Dresden” 1963
3. Letter from Albert Einstein to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1939)
4. The Oath to Adolf Hitler, Speech by Rudolf Hess on 25 February 1934
5. Herr Hitler´s Proclamations of September 3, 1939, to the German People and the German Army
6. Hitler Declares War on the Soviet Union (June 22, 1941)
7. The Munich Pact (September 29, 1938)
8. The Night and Fog Decree (Nacht und Nebel), December 7, 1941
9. Charter of the International Military Tribunal 1945
10. Stalin’s Speech on Red Square on the Anniversary Celebration of the October Revolution (November 7, 1941)
11. Szilard Petition, First Version, July 3, 1945
12. The Wannsee Protocol, January 20, 1942

1. Resolution of the COMINFORM Bureau Concerning the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, June 28, 1948
2. United States Department of State Press Statement: On the European Common Market And The Free Trade Area, January 15, 1957
3. Andropov Report on Imre Nagy and the Hungarian Situation, November 1, 1956
4. Winston S. Churchill, Excerpts from the "Iron Curtain Speech,” March 5, 1946
5. George Kennan, The Long Telegram (1946)
6. Khrushchev’s Secret Speech, 1956
7. George Marshall, Speech Delivered at Harvard University on June 5, 1947
8. The North Atlantic Treaty, 1949
9. Sputnik, Discussion at the 339th Meeting of the National Security Council, Thursday, October 10, 1957

1. The United States and the Soviet Union, Exchange of Notes on the Berlin Wall (1961)
2. The Brezhnev Doctrine, 1968
3. Declaration of Charter 77 (January 1, 1977)
4. Bob Dylan, “The Times They Are A-Changin’” (1963)
5. Mikhail Gorbachev, Report to the Plenary Session of the CPSU Central Committee (January 27, 1987)
6. The National Organization of Women, Statement of Purpose (1966)
7. Students for a Democratic Society, The Port Huron Statement, June 15, 1962
8. Report on the Occupation of the Sorbonne (May 19, 1968)
9. Letters on Board Voyager (1977)

1. President George W. Bush: "History´s Unmarked Grave of Discarded Lies" Speech to Joint Session of Congress (September 21, 2001)
2. Steven Erlanger, “The Dayton Accords: A Status Report” (June 10, 1996)
3. The Mandela Document, Presented by Nelson Mandela to P. W. Botha before their meeting on July 5, 1989
4. Arundhati Roy, "The New American Century," The Nation, 22 January 2004
5. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (ratified December 12, 1993)