W. W. Norton & Company | Inventing America, 2 ed.

Chapter 10: A New Epoch (1815-1828)

Chapter Outline

Population Change
1. Westward Movement
2. Immigration
  1. Northwestern Europe: England, Ireland, Germany
  2. Packet lines
  3. New York City
The Madisonian Platform
1. Military Reform: The Uniformity System
  1. National armories
  2. U.S. Army Ordnance Department
  3. Interchangeable parts
    1. Simeon North
    2. John H. Hall
    3. Springfield National Armory
    4. Harpers Ferry National Armory
    5. armory practice
  4. U.S. Military Academy at West Point (1802)
    1. Secretary of War John Calhoun
    2. Superintendent Sylvanus Thayer
  5. War Department
  6. Post Office
2. Banking Reform
  1. Expiration of First Bank of the United States (1811)
  2. Second Bank of the United States (1816)
3. Tariff Protection for Manufacturers
  1. Tariff of 1816
  2. Henry Clay's "American System"
    1. protective tariffs, internal improvements, national bank
    2. activist federal government as catalyst for economic growth
4. Internal Improvements
  1. Calhoun's Bonus Bill (1817)
  2. Madison's veto of federally funded internal improvements
  3. Monroe's support for improvements of national impact
  4. Army Corps of Engineers
  5. General Survey Act of 1824
Sectionalism and Nationalism
1. Panic of 1819
  1. The "Monster Bank"
  2. State stay laws
  3. Working Men's Party
2. Missouri Compromise (1820)
  1. Tallmadge Amendment
  2. Clay's compromise
    1. Missouri entered Union as slave state
    2. Maine entered Union as free state
    3. slavery prohibited in territories north of 36 degrees 30' latitude
3. John Quincy Adams, Monroe's Secretary of State (1817-25)
  1. Goals
    1. territorial expansion
    2. independence of emerging Latin American republics
    3. security against British economic and military threat
    4. U.S. participation in Latin American trade
  2. Anglo-American Convention of 1818
    1. boundary with Canada at 49th parallel
    2. joint occupation of Oregon Territory
  3. Florida
    1. Seminole Indians
    2. Andrew Jackson's invasion of Spanish Florida
    3. Transcontinental Treaty/Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
      1. Spanish cession of Florida
      2. 42^nd parallel as northern boundary of Spanish claims
  4. Spanish Claims Commission (1821)
    1. Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and the Boston Associates
    2. Merrimack Manufacturing Company (1822)
    3. Hamilton Manufacturing Company (1825)
    4. Boston and Lowell Railroad (1830)
  5. The Monroe Doctrine (1823)
    1. Holy Alliance: Russia, Prussia, Austria
    2. Russian claim to Pacific Northwest
    3. principles
      1. noncolonization: no more European colonies in America
      2. isolation: American neutrality in European wars
      3. nonintervention: no European intervention in Western Hemisphere
The Election of 1824
1. Four Sectional Candidates
  1. John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts: Monroe's secretary of state
  2. William Crawford of Georgia: Monroe's secretary of the treasury
  3. Henry Clay of Kentucky: Speaker of the House
  4. Andrew Jackson of Tennessee: American military hero
2. Deadlock in the Electoral College
  1. Clay's support for Adams in the House of Representatives
  2. The "Corrupt Bargain"
3. Presidency of John Quincy Adams (1825-29)
  1. Adams's "federative fraternity"
  2. Rise of popular politics and resurgence of states' rights

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