The United States’ Changing Global Role: An Overview The United States in 1870 The United States in 1914 Postbellum Stirrings, 1865–1890 Traditional Impulses Shaped U.S. Foreign Policy Expansionism Isolationism Anti-colonialism William Henry Seward: Expansionist Visionary From a territorial to a commercial vision Alaska and the Midway Islands Congressional resistance Factors Prompting Americans to Look Abroad Economic issues rising domestic productivity perceived need for foreign markets foreign investments and investors immigrant workers Technological advances faster ships and railroads trans-Atlantic cable quinine Ideology the "closing" of the western frontier social Darwinism Pressure from U.S. expatriots Minor Keith and the United Fruit Company Hawaiian planters Continuing Resistance The Old Army and the New Navy Army is slow to embrace new technology Navy begins to modernize Turning Point: The 1890s Sources of the New Expansionism Increasingly heated competition for empire Rebellious subjects Fears of domestic overproduction Convictions about American "specialness" Britain, the Monroe Doctrine, and the Venezuela Crisis Developments Significance Cuba and War with Spain Cuban rebellion Growing economic ties between Cuba and the United States Spain’s policy of reconcentrado Americans debate intervention Explosion of the Maine and the drumbeat for war The United States at War America’s shifting military strategy Untrained troops, poor equipment, and unsanitary conditions U.S. victory in Cuba Americans seize Puerto Rico Conquering the Philippines United States seizes Manila United States annexes Hawaii Anti-imperialist sentiment Congress ratifies treaty with Spain Suppressing Revolution in the Philippines United States refuses to recognize nationalist government A long and costly war Legacies Ruling the new possessions Cuba Puerto Rico the Philippines Modernizing the army and navy The New Century The Open Door to China Hay’s first "Open Door Note" Boxer Rebellion and Hay’s second "Open Door Note" Impact on presidential election of 1900 The Panama Canal The case for a canal Choosing a site Diplomatic dealings Construction of the canal The Roosevelt Corollary The Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt shifts American policy application in the Dominican Republic Racial and cultural condescension Dealings with Japan Russo-Japanese War Gentlemen’s Agreement Dollar Diplomacy and Wilsonian Idealism Taft and "dollar diplomacy" Wilson’s missionary vision U.S. interventions under Wilson Nicaragua Haiti Dominican Republic Mexico A New Empire