• Discuss the impact of the Civil War on the North, South, and West. Describe the issues that were settled by the war and the issues that still needed to be addressed.

• Compare and contrast the plans for Reconstruction put forward by Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and the Radical Republicans in Congress, including specific provisions of each.

• Explain the growing conflict between Andrew Johnson and Congress, including the reasons for Johnson’s impeachment.

• Discuss the course of Reconstruction in the southern states, including its effects on former slaves and white southerners.

• Describe the developments in both the North and South that ultimately led to the abandonment of Reconstruction.

• Assess the overall impact of Reconstruction on African Americans, the South, and the nation as a whole.

1863 Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation.

Lincoln announces his Ten-Percent Plan for Reconstruction.

1864 Arkansas, Tennessee, and Louisiana establish governments.

1865 Freedmen’s Bureau created.

Thirteenth Amendment ratified.

Lincoln’s assassination.

Andrew Johnson launches presidential Reconstruction.

1865–66 Southern states institute Black Codes.

1866 Congress passes Civil Rights Bill over Johnson’s veto.

Ku Klux Klan founded.

Congress approves the Fourteenth Amendment.

Tennessee readmitted to Congress.

Republicans sweep midterm congressional elections.

1867 Congressional Reconstruction begins with the Military Reconstruction Act.

Congress passes Tenure of Office Act.

Thaddeus Stevens’s land reform proposal defeated.

1867–68 Southern states hold constitutional conventions.

1868 Fourteenth Amendment ratified.

House impeaches President Johnson; Senate acquits him.

Seven more southern states readmitted to Congress.

Ulysses S. Grant elected president.

1869 Congress approves the Fifteenth Amendment.

Transcontinental railroad completed.

Democratic Redeemers begin to win power in the South.

1870 Fifteenth Amendment ratified.

Last three southern states readmitted to Congress.

1870–71 Congress passes the Enforcement Acts.

1872 Credit Mobilier scandal exposed.

1873 Panic of 1873 launches economic depression.

Supreme Court decides Slaughterhouse Cases.

1874 Democrats win control of House for first time since 1856.

1875 Civil Rights Act passed.

Mississippi Redeemers institute the "Mississippi Plan."

1876 Disputed Hayes-Tilden presidential election produces political crisis.

1877 Compromise of 1877 leads to inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes.

President Hayes withdraws all federal troops from the South.

Last remaining Republican governments in the South fall.