Manifest Destiny Roots Thomas Jefferson’s "Empire for Liberty" Andrew Jackson’s "area of freedom" John L. Sullivan’s "Manifest Destiny" The Texas Revolution (1836) The empresario system and "Texas fever" Moses and Stephen Austin Mexican revolution and independence (1821) Cultural differences norteamericanos religion slavery Mexican troops Outbreak of war Mexican general Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Texas general Sam Houston Battle of the Alamo: "Remember the Alamo" Goliad massacre: "Remember Goliad" Texas Declaration of Independence Battle of San Jacinto and capture of Santa Anna The republic of Texas election of Sam Houston as president referendum on Texas annexation Andrew Jackson’s response recognition of republic of Texas refusal to support Texas statehood The Oregon Country Anglo-American Convention of 1818 joint American and British occupation of Oregon Country 54°–40´ as northern boundary The Oregon Trail "Oregon fever" Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842) Election of 1844 Whig nominee Henry Clay of Kentucky opposition to Texas annexation silence on slavery issue Democratic nominee James K. Polk of Tennessee "Young Hickory" immediate annexation of Texas "re-occupation" of Oregon "All of Oregon or none" "54°–40´ or fight" Liberty Party nomination of James G. Birney of New York Polk’s election The Polk Presidency Admission of Texas into the Union (1845) Annexation of Oregon up to 49th parallel (1845) Boundary dispute with Texas Mexico: Nueces River United States: Rio Grande American interest in California Diplomacy and Arms General Zachary Taylor’s mission to the Rio Grande John Slidell’s mission to Mexico City Polk’s war message to Congress Abraham Lincoln’s "spot resolution" The Wilmot Proviso Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania "Free soil" The Mexican War, 1846–48 Northern Mexico General Zachary Taylor Battle of Buena Vista California Captain John C. Fremont Commodore John D. Sloat The Bear Flag Republic Annexation of California into the Union New Mexico Colonel Stephen Watts Kearny Capture of Santa Fe Mexico City General Winfield Scott Siege of Vera Cruz Battle of Cerro Gordo Captain Robert E. Lee "a self-sustaining machine" The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) Mexican cession of California and New Mexico Recognition of Rio Grande as southern boundary of Texas Technological Innovation "Old Rough and Ready" and "Old Fuss and Feathers" West Point graduates New technologies railroads steamboats telegraph Weapons American armories: U.S. Army Ordnance Department interchangeable parts revolving pistols: the Colt six-shooter artillery the uniformity system The Election of 1848 Party Divisions Democrats: Barnburners vs. Hunkers Whigs: Conscience Whigs vs. Cotton Whigs Democratic Nominee Lewis Cass of Michigan Support for expansion Popular sovereignty Whig Nominee Zachary Taylor of Louisiana war hero slave owner Free Soil Nominee Martin Van Buren Taylor’s Election The California Gold Rush Technology Social Tensions Immigrants Nativism The Compromise of 1850 California’s Application for Statehood as a Free State Henry Clay’s Omnibus Bill John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster, and William H. Seward President Taylor’s Death President Millard Fillmore’s Support for the Omnibus Bill Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas’s Compromise of 1850 The Fugitive Slave Act