Agricultural America Jeffersonian Agrarianism: Subsistence Farming Gender lines "men’s work" "women’s work" Seasonality Family labor and hired hands Cooperative production and communal activities Barter (commodity exchange) Commercialization of Agriculture Transportation: railroads Market relationships Dairying: milk, butter, and cheese Mechanization of Farming Plows wrought-iron cast-iron John Deere’s "singing plow" (1830s) Horse-drawn reapers Cyrus H. McCormick Obed Hussey Processing of Food "Scientific agriculture" Automated milling Pork packing: "disassembly" Secondary, or "waste," products candles and soap Procter and Gamble (1837) Slavery Cotton Culture End of Slave Imports (1808) The Plantation Economy Deep South Task system Gang system Regimentation Discipline Slave Religion Evangelical religion: Baptists and Methodists Spirituals Slave Families Centrality of motherhood "Negro cloth" Diet Mortality Resistance Storytelling trickster tales Br’er Rabbit Passive protest songs sabotage Running away sex ratio among fugitives Underground Railroad slave patrols border states Nat Turner’s Rebellion (1831) Industrial Labor The Factory System Waterpower Mills Paternalism Rebecca Lukens’s Brandywine Iron Works The Boston Associates of Lowell, Massachusetts cheap female labor boarding houses factory rules and house rules Worker Reactions Strikes Lowell Female Labor Reform Association pamphlets "Factory Tracts" The Lowell Offering "Pacing" The sweated trades Working Men’s Movement Working Men’s Party Working-Class Communities Religion Social life Kinship networks "Porch culture" Insecurity Illness and injury "Purse" Death benefits Occupational diseases Industrial accidents Clock Time Eli Terry’s shelf clock (1816) Traveling salesmen:Yankee peddlers Railroads "Time is money" standard schedules Clocks, whistles, and bells northern factories southern plantations