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City of Spindles: The Textile Mills of Lowell (chapter 12)

City of Spindles: The Textile Mills of Lowell (chapter 12)

I. Introduction

Video-Lowell Mills

LOWELL INSTITUTE MATERIALS: (parentheses = Lowell Institute tracking number)

Text-The Condition of the Operatives [ The Voice of Industry, March 26, 1847)

Text-Editorial: Home in a Boarding House [The Lowell Offering, Vol. III (1842)]

Text- The Factory Bell (FROM The Factory Girl's Garland, May 25, 1844).

Image -Boardinghouse regulations (from Lowell: The Story of an Industrial City)

II. Labor

The Changing Face of Labor: Mill Girls to Multicultural Families

Text- FROM Harriet H. Robinson: Loom and Spindle, or Life Among the Early Mill Girls (1898)

Text- Harriet Hanson Robinson: Massachusetts in the Woman Suffrage Movement. A General, Political, Legal and Legislative History from 1774, to 1881 (1883)

Image- Noon Hour at the Vivian Cotton Mills. Shows The Character of the 'Hands' in a Better Class Mill, Well Ventilated and Lighted. Cherryville, N.C. (1908)

Image- Spinners and doffers in Lancaster Cotton Mills. Dozens of Them in this Mill. Lancaster, S.C. (1908)

Image-Power Loom Weaving (ca. 1836)

Image-Woman at the Loom, daguerreotype (late 1840s)

Life in the Mills

Text- Female Workers of Lowell [The Harbinger, 1846]

Text- A Week in the Mill [The Lowell Offering, Vol. V (1845)]

Text- Excerpt from Lucy Larcom, Among Lowell Mill-Girls: A Reminiscence [The Atlantic Monthly, November 1881]

Text-FROM Harriet H. Robinson, Loom and Spindle, or Life Among the Early Mill Girls (1898)

Image-Fifth Floor View, Looking North West, Mills #1 and 2

Image-New England Factory Life - Bell Time (Winslow Homer, from Harper's Weekly, July 25, 1868)

Image-The Morning Bell (Winslow Homer, from Harper's Weekly, December 13, 1873)

Lowell Life

Text-Josephine L. Baker, A Second Peep at Factory Life, [The Lowell Offering, Vol. V (1845)]

Text- FROM Harriet H. Robinson, Loom and Spindle, or Life Among the Early Mill Girls (1898)

Text- Excerpt from Lucy Larcom, Among Lowell Mill Girls: A Reminiscence [The Atlantic Monthly, November 1881]

Image- General View of Boardinghouse, From South [1] (ca. 1933)

Image- General View of Boardinghouses, From South [2] (ca. 1933)

Image-Southeast Elevations, Closer (ca. 1933)

Text-FROM Harriet H. Robinson, Loom and Spindle, or Life Among the Early Mill Girls (1898)

Text-Sarah G. Bagley, Pleasures of Factory Life [The Lowell Offering, Series I (1840)]

Conflict: Divided Workforce and Organized Labor

Text- Abel C. Thomas, Plan for Mutual Relief [The Lowell Offering, Series I, No. 2 (1840)]

Text- Abel C. Thomas, Editor's Valedictory [The Lowell Offering, Volume 2 (1842)]

Text-Harriet Farley, Editorial: The Ten Hour Movement [The Lowell Offering, Vol. V (1845)]

Text- Lowell and its Manufactories [Operatives' Magazine article]

Text-The Turn Out at Lowell (The Man, February 22, 1834)

Text-Factory Girls Meeting (The Man, March 8,1834)

Text-An Appeal to Consistency (Wampanoag, and Operatives Journal, July 9, 1842)

Text-What are we coming to (The Factory Girl, March 1, 1843)

Text-The Operatives' Life (Factory Girls' Album, September 19, 1846)

Text-Excerpt from Nathan Appleton, The Introduction of the Power Loom and the Origin of Lowell (1858)

Health Concerns

Text- Harriet Farley, Letters From Susan, Letter Second [The Lowell Offering, Vol. IV (June 1844)]

III. Capital

Image-Detail Showing Connector Mills #1 and #2 Looking Northeast (1982)

The Founding of Lowell

Text- FROM Harriet H. Robinson, Loom and Spindle, or Life Among the Early Mill Girls (1898)

Text-Excerpt from Lucy Larcom, Among Lowell Mill-Girls: A Reminiscence [The Atlantic Monthly, November 1881]

Investor Goals and Policies

Image- Statement of the mill powers and shares in the proprietors of locks and canals, to which the several manufacturing companies at Lowell, are entitled ... (Poster dated December 17th, 1853)

Image- Statistics of Lowell manufactures (Poster dated January 1, 1835)

Image- Statistics of Lowell manufactures, January MDCCCXLVI (ca. 1846)

Image- Statistics of Lowell manufacturers. January 1857 (ca. 1857)

IV. Technology

From Bale to Bolt: The Complete Weaving Process

Text- Josephine L. Baker, A Second Peep at Factory Life [The Lowell Offering, Vol. V (1845)]

Image- Boott Cotton Mills, John St. at Merrimack River, Lowell, Middlesex County, MA (ca. 1896)

Image-Henry Rhoads, Sheep Shearer (ca. 1920-1940)

Image- Dorothea Lange, Cotton pickers at work in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California. They receive one dollar and twenty-five cents per hundred pounds.(November 1936)

Image- Dorothea Lange, Cotton picker. Southern San Joaquin Valley (November 1936)

Image- King Cotton (1907)

Image- Dorothea Lange, Cotton bales in gin yard outside Bakersfield, California. Cotton has been produced commercially in California since 190In 1936 California produced 3.3% of the cotton in United States. (May 1936)

Image- Russell Lee, Workman feeding raw wool into machine which removes loose dust and dirt and burs. Wool scouring plant, San Marcos, Texas. (March 1940)

Image-Russell Lee, Partly scoured wool coming over the squeezing rolls after the first bath. These rolls after the first bath. These rolls squeeze out most of the first solution along with grease and dirt. Wool then goes into next bath. Wool scouring plant, San Marcos, Texas. (March 1940)

Image-Russell Lee, Operator removing bat of cotton from machine. First step of cleaning cotton of trash. Laurel cotton mills, Laurel, Mississippi. (January 1939)

Image-Tulalip women carding and spinning wool on porch, Tulalup Indian Reservation, Washington (1898)

Image- Manchester, New Hampshire - Textiles. Pacific Mills. (April 1937)

Image-Manchester, New Hampshire - Textiles. Pacific Mills. (April 1937)

Image- High Point, North Carolina - Textiles. Pickett Yarn Mill. Spinning - Saco-Lowell machine - showing hands of woman in operation - highly skilled. (January 1937)

Image-Interior of Magnolia Cotton Mills spinning room. See the little ones scattered through the mill. All work. Magnolia, Miss. (May 3, 1911)

Image-Mule-spinning room in Chace Cotton Mill. Raoul Julien a 'back-roping boy.' Has been here 2 years. Burlington, VT. (May 7, 1909)

Image-Hattie Hunter, spinner in the Lancaster Cotton Mills. 52 inches high. Worked in mill for three years. Gets 50 [cents] a day. Lancaster, S.C. (December 1, 1908)

Image-Russell Lee, Operator repairing break in thread in warp winding. Laurel cotton mills, Laurel, Mississippi. (January 1939)

Image- Manchester, New Hampshire - Textiles. Pacific Mills. Barber-Colman High Speed Warper. This machine is using 345 'ends' which are run into the warp. This number can be regulated according to the warp desired. (April 1937)

Image-Paterson, New Jersey - Textiles. Threading broken warp thread through the eyes of drop wires, preparatory to tying the broken ends. Drop wires are part of the stop motion system. A drop wire is placed on each thread of the rayon warp shown here. When a thread breaks, the wire drops, making a contact and stopping the machine. (March 18, 1937)

Image-Edwin Locke, Arthurdale homesteader weaving in the cooperative looms of Reedsville, West Virginia. (February 1937)

Image-Lincoln Cotton Mills, Evansville, Ind. Girls at weaving machines; warpers. Evansville, Ind. (October 1908)

Image- Russell Lee, Weaving room, Laurel cotton mill. Laurel, Mississippi. (January 1939)

V. Environment.

Industrialization and Urban Sprawl.

Image- Map of the City of Lowell, Surveyed in 1841

Image- Panoramic view of the city of Lowell, Massachusetts, from the northeast side (1874)

Image-Benjamin Mather, Lowell in 1825 (1825)

Image- James Kidder, View of the town of Lowell Mass (1830)

Image-Benjamin Mather, Plan of the Town of Lowell and Belvidere Village (1832)

Image-Lowell (1834)

Image--J.W. Barber, East View of Lowell Mass (1839)

Image-David Claypool Johnson, Merrimack Prints, Lowell Mass (1850)

Image- Franklin Hedge, Lowell Letter Paper (1850)

Rivers and Canals

Image- Lowell Canal System, Merrimack & Concord Rivers, Lowell, Middlesex County, MA: Lowell Canal System 1823,1828,1836,1848 (ca. 1975)

Image-Proprietors of the Locks and Canals on the Merrimack River Canal System: Lowell, Massachusetts 1975 (ca. 1975)

Image- Mill #5, West, View of Tailrace, Turbine #2 (ca. 1968)

Image-Powerhouse, Detail Showing Turbine, First Floor, Looking Northeast (ca. 1968)

Image-Boott Cotton Mills, John St. at Merrimack River, Lowell, Middlesex County, MA: Section B-B Connector Mills 1 & 2 Looking Southeast (ca. 1968)

 

 

 

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