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City of Spindles: The Textile Mills of Lowell (chapter 12)
City of Spindles: The Textile
Mills of Lowell (chapter 12)
I. Introduction
Video-Lowell
Mills
LOWELL INSTITUTE MATERIALS:
(parentheses = Lowell Institute tracking number)
Text-The
Condition of the Operatives [ The Voice of Industry, March 26, 1847)
Text-Editorial:
Home in a Boarding House [The Lowell Offering, Vol. III (1842)]
Text- The
Factory Bell (FROM The Factory Girl's Garland, May 25, 1844).
Image -Boardinghouse
regulations (from Lowell: The Story of an Industrial City)
II. Labor
The Changing Face of Labor:
Mill Girls to Multicultural Families
Text- FROM
Harriet H. Robinson: Loom and Spindle, or Life Among the Early Mill Girls
(1898)
Text- Harriet
Hanson Robinson: Massachusetts in the Woman Suffrage Movement. A General, Political,
Legal and Legislative History from 1774, to 1881 (1883)
Image- Noon
Hour at the Vivian Cotton Mills. Shows The Character of the 'Hands' in a Better
Class Mill, Well Ventilated and Lighted. Cherryville, N.C. (1908)
Image- Spinners
and doffers in Lancaster Cotton Mills. Dozens of Them in this Mill. Lancaster,
S.C. (1908)
Image-Power
Loom Weaving (ca. 1836)
Image-Woman
at the Loom, daguerreotype (late 1840s)
Life in the Mills
Text- Female
Workers of Lowell [The Harbinger, 1846]
Text- A
Week in the Mill [The Lowell Offering, Vol. V (1845)]
Text- Excerpt
from Lucy Larcom, Among Lowell Mill-Girls: A Reminiscence [The Atlantic Monthly,
November 1881]
Text-FROM
Harriet H. Robinson, Loom and Spindle, or Life Among the Early Mill Girls (1898)
Image-Fifth
Floor View, Looking North West, Mills #1 and 2
Image-New
England Factory Life - Bell Time (Winslow Homer, from Harper's Weekly,
July 25, 1868)
Image-The
Morning Bell (Winslow Homer, from Harper's Weekly, December 13, 1873)
Lowell Life
Text-Josephine
L. Baker, A Second Peep at Factory Life, [The Lowell Offering, Vol. V
(1845)]
Text- FROM
Harriet H. Robinson, Loom and Spindle, or Life Among the Early Mill Girls (1898)
Text- Excerpt
from Lucy Larcom, Among Lowell Mill Girls: A Reminiscence [The Atlantic Monthly,
November 1881]
Image- General
View of Boardinghouse, From South [1] (ca. 1933)
Image- General
View of Boardinghouses, From South [2] (ca. 1933)
Image-Southeast
Elevations, Closer (ca. 1933)
Text-FROM
Harriet H. Robinson, Loom and Spindle, or Life Among the Early Mill Girls (1898)
Text-Sarah
G. Bagley, Pleasures of Factory Life [The Lowell Offering, Series I (1840)]
Conflict: Divided Workforce
and Organized Labor
Text- Abel
C. Thomas, Plan for Mutual Relief [The Lowell Offering, Series I,
No. 2 (1840)]
Text- Abel
C. Thomas, Editor's Valedictory [The Lowell Offering, Volume 2 (1842)]
Text-Harriet
Farley, Editorial: The Ten Hour Movement [The Lowell Offering, Vol.
V (1845)]
Text- Lowell
and its Manufactories [Operatives' Magazine article]
Text-The
Turn Out at Lowell (The Man, February 22, 1834)
Text-Factory
Girls Meeting (The Man, March 8,1834)
Text-An
Appeal to Consistency (Wampanoag, and Operatives Journal, July 9,
1842)
Text-What
are we coming to (The Factory Girl, March 1, 1843)
Text-The
Operatives' Life (Factory Girls' Album, September 19, 1846)
Text-Excerpt from Nathan
Appleton, The Introduction of the Power Loom and the Origin of Lowell (1858)
Health Concerns
Text- Harriet
Farley, Letters From Susan, Letter Second [The Lowell Offering, Vol.
IV (June 1844)]
III. Capital
Image-Detail
Showing Connector Mills #1 and #2 Looking Northeast (1982)
The Founding of Lowell
Text- FROM
Harriet H. Robinson, Loom and Spindle, or Life Among the Early Mill Girls (1898)
Text-Excerpt
from Lucy Larcom, Among Lowell Mill-Girls: A Reminiscence [The Atlantic Monthly,
November 1881]
Investor Goals and Policies
Image- Statement
of the mill powers and shares in the proprietors of locks and canals, to which
the several manufacturing companies at Lowell, are entitled ... (Poster dated
December 17th, 1853)
Image- Statistics
of Lowell manufactures (Poster dated January 1, 1835)
Image- Statistics
of Lowell manufactures, January MDCCCXLVI (ca. 1846)
Image- Statistics
of Lowell manufacturers. January 1857 (ca. 1857)
IV. Technology
From Bale to Bolt: The Complete
Weaving Process
Text- Josephine
L. Baker, A Second Peep at Factory Life [The Lowell Offering, Vol. V
(1845)]
Image- Boott
Cotton Mills, John St. at Merrimack River, Lowell, Middlesex County, MA (ca.
1896)
Image-Henry
Rhoads, Sheep Shearer (ca. 1920-1940)
Image- Dorothea
Lange, Cotton pickers at work in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California.
They receive one dollar and twenty-five cents per hundred pounds.(November
1936)
Image- Dorothea
Lange, Cotton picker. Southern San Joaquin Valley (November 1936)
Image- King
Cotton (1907)
Image- Dorothea
Lange, Cotton bales in gin yard outside Bakersfield, California. Cotton has
been produced commercially in California since 190In 1936 California produced
3.3% of the cotton in United States. (May 1936)
Image- Russell
Lee, Workman feeding raw wool into machine which removes loose dust and dirt
and burs. Wool scouring plant, San Marcos, Texas. (March 1940)
Image-Russell
Lee, Partly scoured wool coming over the squeezing rolls after the first bath.
These rolls after the first bath. These rolls squeeze out most of the first
solution along with grease and dirt. Wool then goes into next bath. Wool scouring
plant, San Marcos, Texas. (March 1940)
Image-Russell
Lee, Operator removing bat of cotton from machine. First step of cleaning
cotton of trash. Laurel cotton mills, Laurel, Mississippi. (January 1939)
Image-Tulalip
women carding and spinning wool on porch, Tulalup Indian Reservation, Washington
(1898)
Image- Manchester,
New Hampshire - Textiles. Pacific Mills. (April 1937)
Image-Manchester,
New Hampshire - Textiles. Pacific Mills. (April 1937)
Image- High
Point, North Carolina - Textiles. Pickett Yarn Mill. Spinning - Saco-Lowell
machine - showing hands of woman in operation - highly skilled. (January 1937)
Image-Interior
of Magnolia Cotton Mills spinning room. See the little ones scattered through
the mill. All work. Magnolia, Miss. (May 3, 1911)
Image-Mule-spinning
room in Chace Cotton Mill. Raoul Julien a 'back-roping boy.' Has been here 2
years. Burlington, VT. (May 7, 1909)
Image-Hattie
Hunter, spinner in the Lancaster Cotton Mills. 52 inches high. Worked in mill
for three years. Gets 50 [cents] a day. Lancaster, S.C. (December 1, 1908)
Image-Russell
Lee, Operator repairing break in thread in warp winding. Laurel cotton mills,
Laurel, Mississippi. (January 1939)
Image- Manchester,
New Hampshire - Textiles. Pacific Mills. Barber-Colman High Speed Warper. This
machine is using 345 'ends' which are run into the warp. This number can be
regulated according to the warp desired. (April 1937)
Image-Paterson,
New Jersey - Textiles. Threading broken warp thread through the eyes of drop
wires, preparatory to tying the broken ends. Drop wires are part of the stop
motion system. A drop wire is placed on each thread of the rayon warp shown
here. When a thread breaks, the wire drops, making a contact and stopping the
machine. (March 18, 1937)
Image-Edwin
Locke, Arthurdale homesteader weaving in the cooperative looms of Reedsville,
West Virginia. (February 1937)
Image-Lincoln
Cotton Mills, Evansville, Ind. Girls at weaving machines; warpers. Evansville,
Ind. (October 1908)
Image- Russell
Lee, Weaving room, Laurel cotton mill. Laurel, Mississippi. (January 1939)
V. Environment.
Industrialization and
Urban Sprawl.
Image- Map
of the City of Lowell, Surveyed in 1841
Image- Panoramic
view of the city of Lowell, Massachusetts, from the northeast side (1874)
Image-Benjamin
Mather, Lowell in 1825 (1825)
Image- James
Kidder, View of the town of Lowell Mass (1830)
Image-Benjamin
Mather, Plan of the Town of Lowell and Belvidere Village (1832)
Image-Lowell
(1834)
Image--J.W.
Barber, East View of Lowell Mass (1839)
Image-David
Claypool Johnson, Merrimack Prints, Lowell Mass (1850)
Image- Franklin
Hedge, Lowell Letter Paper (1850)
Rivers and Canals
Image- Lowell
Canal System, Merrimack & Concord Rivers, Lowell, Middlesex County, MA:
Lowell Canal System 1823,1828,1836,1848 (ca. 1975)
Image-Proprietors
of the Locks and Canals on the Merrimack River Canal System: Lowell, Massachusetts
1975 (ca. 1975)
Image- Mill
#5, West, View of Tailrace, Turbine #2 (ca. 1968)
Image-Powerhouse,
Detail Showing Turbine, First Floor, Looking Northeast (ca. 1968)
Image-Boott
Cotton Mills, John St. at Merrimack River, Lowell, Middlesex County, MA: Section
B-B Connector Mills 1 & 2 Looking Southeast (ca. 1968)
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