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Chapter 1 - 'Men Prone to Wonder': America Before 1600 Chapter 2 - The European Settlement of North America: The Atlantic Coast to 1660 Chapter 3 - Empires: 1660-1702 Chapter 4 - Benjamin Franklin's World: Colonial North America, 1702-1763 Chapter 5 - Toward Independence, 1764-1783 Chapter 6 - Inventing the American Republic: The States Chapter 7 - Inventing the American Republic: The Nation Chapter 8 - Establishing the New Nation Chapter 9 - The Fabric of Change, 1800-1815 Chapter 10 - A New Epoch: 1815-1828 Chapter 11 - Political Innovation in a Mechanical Age: 1828-1840 Chapter 12 - Worker Worlds in Antebellum America Chapter 13 - The Benevolent Empire: Religion and Reform, 1825-1846 Chapter 14 - National Expansion, Sectional Division: 1839-1850 Chapter 15 - A House Dividing: 1851-1860 Chapter 16 - Civil War: 1861-1865 Chapter 17 - Reconstruction, 1865-1877 Chapter 18 - The Rise of Big Business and the Triumph of Industry: 1870-1900 Chapter 19 - An Industrial Society: 1870-1910 Chapter 20 - Politics, Industrialism, and the State: 1876-1900 Chapter 21 - A New Place in the World: 1865-1914 Chapter 22 - The Progressive Era Chapter 23 - War, Prosperity, and the Metropolis: 1914-1929 Chapter 24 - The New Deal Chapter 25 - Whirlpool of War Chapter 26 - Fighting for Freedom Chapter 27 - From Hot War to Cold War Chapter 28 - Korea, Eisenhower, and Affluence Chapter 29 - Renewal of Reform Chapter 30 - Years of Rage Chapter 31 - Conservative Revival Chapter 32 - The Reagan Revolution Chapter 33 - Inventing a New Order
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CHAPTER OUTLINE

CHAPTER OUTLINE

  1. Jacksonian Democrats
    1. Division of the Jeffersonian Republicans
      1. John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay: National Republicans (Whigs)
      2. Andrew Jackson: Democratic Republicans (Democrats)
    2. Andrew Jackson
      1. States’ rights philosophy
      2. Opposition to federally funded internal improvements
      3. Distrust of the Second Bank of the United States
      4. Alliance with Senator Martin Van Buren of New York
    3. The South Carolina Exposition and Protest
      1. John C. Calhoun’s shift from nationalism to states’ rights
      2. Tariff of 1828: the "Tariff of Abominations"
      3. Compact theory of government
      4. "Nullification"
      5. Slavery issue
        1. Latin American slave revolts
        2. American Colonization Society (1816)
        3. Denmark Vesey’s rebellion in South Carolina (1822)
    4. The Election of 1828
      1. Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun, president and vice-president
      2. Western issues: transportation, banks, tariffs, land
    5. Jacksonian Democracy
      1. Direct election "by the people"
      2. Spoils system
      3. Rotation in office
      4. Shift from merit system to party patronage
      5. Expansion of suffrage
        1. decline of property qualifications for voting
        2. white manhood suffrage
        3. lax enforcement of election laws
    6. Internal Improvements
      1. Jackson’s Maysville Road veto
      2. Federal withdrawal from transportation improvement
      3. The canal era
      4. Panic of 1837
      5. Railroads
        1. speed and reliability
        2. systematic management: military model
    7. Sectional Divisions
      1. The succession struggle: Calhoun vs. Van Buren
      2. The Peggy Eaton affair
      3. The kitchen cabinet
      4. The Webster-Hayne debate
        1. Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina
          1. "Carolina doctrine"
          2. states’ rights
        2. Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts
          1. national power and eastern interests
          2. "Liberty and Union"
      5. Jackson’s denunciation of Calhoun
    8. The Nullification Crisis (1832–33)
      1. Tariff of 1832
      2. Calhoun’s resignation as vice-president
      3. South Carolina’s Ordinance of Nullification (1832)
      4. Jackson’s "Proclamation to the People of South Carolina"
      5. The Force Bill (1833)
      6. Henry Clay’s Compromise (1833)
    9. The Bank War (1832–33)
      1. Nicholas Biddle and Henry Clay
      2. Jackson’s veto of the recharter of the Bank of the United States
        1. the "Monster Bank"
        2. "King Andrew"
      3. Removal of federal funds from the BUS
        1. Secretary of the Treasury Roger B. Taney
        2. the "pet banks"
      4. The Specie Circular, requiring payment for public lands in gold or silver (1836)
      5. The Distribution Act, distributing surplus to states
  2. The Legal Framework of Industrialization
    1. The States
      1. Limited liability
      2. State charters
      3. State ownership of transportation routes
      4. Subsidies and matching funds
    2. The Supreme Court
      1. Chief Justice John Marshall (1801–35)
        1. economic stability through legal security
        2. "obligation of contracts" and corporate charters
          1. Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
          2. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
          3. Sturgis v. Crowenshield (1819)
        3. federal jurisdiction over interstate commerce
          1. steamboat traffic
          2. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
      2. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney (1835–64)
        1. dynamic growth through legal flexibility
        2. free competition and opposition to monopoly
        3. Charles River Bridge Company v. Warren Bridge Company (1837)
  3. Indian Removal
    1. The South
      1. Andrew Jackson and the Cherokees
      2. Indian Removal Act (1830)
      3. The Marshall Court
        1. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
        2. Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
      4. The Cherokee Treaty Party and the Treaty of New Echota (1835)
      5. The "Trail of Tears"
    2. The North
      1. The Sauk and Fox Indians
      2. Black Hawk War (1832)
  4. Whigs vs. Democrats
    1. Modern Political Parties
      1. Expansion and immigration
      2. Communications: U.S. Post Office, newspapers, telegraph
      3. Political patronage
      4. Party competition
    2. The Second Party System
      1. The Whig Party
        1. issues
          1. opposition to Jackson
          2. strong federal government
          3. harmonious but hierarchical society
          4. humanitarian reform, including antislavery
        2. constituencies
          1. native-born evangelical Christians
          2. Protestant immigrants
          3. African Americans
          4. the Anti-Mason Party
      2. The Democratic Party
        1. issues
          1. states’ rights
          2. limited government and local autonomy
          3. the "common man"
          4. reform as undue government interference, especially antislavery
        2. constituencies
          1. Catholic immigrants
          2. workingmen
          3. supporters of slavery
    3. The Election of 1836
      1. Democrats
        1. Democratic National Convention (Baltimore)
        2. nomination of Martin Van Buren to succeed Jackson
      2. Whigs
        1. three nominees
          1. William Henry Harrison of Ohio
          2. Daniel Webster of Massachusetts
          3. Hugh Lawson White of Tennessee
    4. The Van Buren Presidency
      1. Panic of 1837
      2. Independent Treasury Act (1840)
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