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CHAPTER OUTLINE
CHAPTER OUTLINE
Jacksonian Democrats
- Division of the Jeffersonian Republicans
- John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay: National Republicans (Whigs)
- Andrew Jackson: Democratic Republicans (Democrats)
- Andrew Jackson
- States’ rights philosophy
- Opposition to federally funded internal improvements
- Distrust of the Second Bank of the United States
- Alliance with Senator Martin Van Buren of New York
- The South Carolina Exposition and Protest
- John C. Calhoun’s shift from nationalism to states’ rights
- Tariff of 1828: the "Tariff of Abominations"
- Compact theory of government
- "Nullification"
- Slavery issue
- Latin American slave revolts
- American Colonization Society (1816)
- Denmark Vesey’s rebellion in South Carolina (1822)
The Election of 1828
- Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun, president and vice-president
- Western issues: transportation, banks, tariffs, land
Jacksonian Democracy
- Direct election "by the people"
- Spoils system
- Rotation in office
- Shift from merit system to party patronage
- Expansion of suffrage
- decline of property qualifications for voting
- white manhood suffrage
- lax enforcement of election laws
Internal Improvements
- Jackson’s Maysville Road veto
- Federal withdrawal from transportation improvement
- The canal era
- Panic of 1837
- Railroads
- speed and reliability
- systematic management: military model
Sectional Divisions
- The succession struggle: Calhoun vs. Van Buren
- The Peggy Eaton affair
- The kitchen cabinet
- The Webster-Hayne debate
- Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina
- "Carolina doctrine"
- states’ rights
- Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts
- national power and eastern interests
- "Liberty and Union"
- Jackson’s denunciation of Calhoun
The Nullification Crisis (1832–33)
- Tariff of 1832
- Calhoun’s resignation as vice-president
- South Carolina’s Ordinance of Nullification (1832)
- Jackson’s "Proclamation to the People of South Carolina"
- The Force Bill (1833)
- Henry Clay’s Compromise (1833)
The Bank War (1832–33)
- Nicholas Biddle and Henry Clay
- Jackson’s veto of the recharter of the Bank of the United States
- the "Monster Bank"
- "King Andrew"
- Removal of federal funds from the BUS
- Secretary of the Treasury Roger B. Taney
- the "pet banks"
- The Specie Circular, requiring payment for public lands in gold or silver (1836)
- The Distribution Act, distributing surplus to states
The Legal Framework of Industrialization
- The States
- Limited liability
- State charters
- State ownership of transportation routes
- Subsidies and matching funds
- The Supreme Court
- Chief Justice John Marshall (1801–35)
- economic stability through legal security
- "obligation of contracts" and corporate charters
- Fletcher v. Peck
(1810)
- Dartmouth College v. Woodward
(1819)
- Sturgis v. Crowenshield
(1819)
- federal jurisdiction over interstate commerce
- steamboat traffic
- Gibbons v. Ogden
(1824)
- Chief Justice Roger B. Taney (1835–64)
- dynamic growth through legal flexibility
- free competition and opposition to monopoly
- Charles River Bridge Company v. Warren Bridge Company
(1837)
Indian Removal
- The South
- Andrew Jackson and the Cherokees
- Indian Removal Act (1830)
- The Marshall Court
- Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
(1831)
- Worcester v. Georgia
(1832)
- The Cherokee Treaty Party and the Treaty of New Echota (1835)
- The "Trail of Tears"
- The North
- The Sauk and Fox Indians
- Black Hawk War (1832)
Whigs vs. Democrats
- Modern Political Parties
- Expansion and immigration
- Communications: U.S. Post Office, newspapers, telegraph
- Political patronage
- Party competition
- The Second Party System
- The Whig Party
- issues
- opposition to Jackson
- strong federal government
- harmonious but hierarchical society
- humanitarian reform, including antislavery
- constituencies
- native-born evangelical Christians
- Protestant immigrants
- African Americans
- the Anti-Mason Party
- The Democratic Party
- issues
- states’ rights
- limited government and local autonomy
- the "common man"
- reform as undue government interference, especially antislavery
- constituencies
- Catholic immigrants
- workingmen
- supporters of slavery
- The Election of 1836
- Democrats
- Democratic National Convention (Baltimore)
- nomination of Martin Van Buren to succeed Jackson
- Whigs
- three nominees
- William Henry Harrison of Ohio
- Daniel Webster of Massachusetts
- Hugh Lawson White of Tennessee
- The Van Buren Presidency
- Panic of 1837
- Independent Treasury Act (1840)
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