Chapter 13
Chapter 13: An American Renaissance: Religion, Romanticism, And Reform
Chapter Outline
Rational religion
- The concept of mission in the American character
- The development of deism
- Roots in rationalism and Calvinism
- Nature of the beliefs
- The development of Unitarianism
- Nature of the beliefs
- Role of William Ellery Channing
- Creation of American Unitarian Association
- The development of Universalism
- Role of John Murray
- Nature of the beliefs
- Comparison with Unitarianism
The Second Great Awakening
- Origins of the revival movement
- The frontier phase of revivalism
- Development of the camp meeting
- Frontier reception of the revivals
- Emergence of the Presbyterians
- Role of the Baptists
- The Methodists' impact
- Appeal to African Americans
- Spread of revivals on the frontier
- Women and revivalism
- Revivals in western New York State
- Role of Charles Grandison Finney
- Nature of Oberlin College
- The Rise of the Mormons
- Role of Joseph Smith
- Characteristics of the church
- Persecution of Mormons
- The move to Utah
Romanticism in America
- Nature of the Romantic revolt
- Transcendentalism as a Romantic expression
- Nature of Transcendentalism
- Margaret Fuller
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Henry David Thoreau
- The impact of Transcendentalism
The flowering of American literature
- Nathaniel Hawthorne
- Emily Dickinson
- Edgar Allan Poe
- Herman Melville
- Walt Whitman
- The popular press
- Impact of advances in printing technology
- Proliferation of newspapers
Education
- Level of literacy
- Early public schools
- Rising demand for public schools in the 1830s
- Basis of demand
- Role of Horace Mann
- Leadership of North Carolina in the South
- Limited progress
- Developments in higher education
- Post-Revolutionary surge in college formation
- Conflicts over curriculum
- Slow growth of technical education
- Education for women
Movements for reform
- Roots of reform
- Temperance
- Heavy consumption of alcohol in the United States
- Arguments for temperance
- Early efforts at reform
- The American Temperance Union
- Prison reform
- Growth of public institutions to treat social ills
- Prevention and rehabilitation versus punishment for crime
- Auburn prison system
- Reform in treatment of the insane
- Early state institutions for the insane
- Work of Dorothea Dix
- Crusade for women's rights
- Catharine Beecher and the "cult of domesticity"
- Advantages of domestic role for women
- Status of women in the antebellum period
- Seneca Falls Conference (1848)
- Hindrances to success
- Women and the professions
- Utopian communities
- Proliferation of utopian communities
- Nature of the Shaker communities
- Development and contributions of the Oneida Community
- Robert Owen and New Harmony
- The importance of Brook Farm
- The decline of utopia