Chapter 11
Chapter 11: The Jacksonian Impulse
Chapter Outline
A new era
- Population and economic growth
- Shift from local to national and international markets
- A democratized society
- Limited boundaries of Jacksonian equality
Jackson the man
- A violent upbringing
- A combative temperament
- Jackson's presidential agenda
The Jacksonian presidency
- Nature of appointments
- Political rivalry between Van Buren and Calhoun
- The Peggy Eaton affair
Policies of conflict with Calhoun
- Internal improvements
- Jackson's veto of the Maysville Road Bill, 1830
- Attitude toward other internal improvements
- The nullification issue
- South Carolina's concern about the tariff
- Calhoun's theory of nullification
- The Webster-Hayne Debate
- Original issue of the debate
- Views of Hayne and Webster
- Jackson's toast at the Jefferson Day Dinner
- The final break with Calhoun
- Crawford's letter relating to Calhoun's disciplining of Jackson
- Cabinet shake-up
- Van Buren's appointment to Britain killed by Calhoun
- Calhoun takes lead of nullifiers
The nullification crisis
- The tariff problem
- South Carolina's actions of nullification
- Jackson's response
- Nullification Proclamation
- Troop reinforcements
- Force Bill
- Lowering the tariff
- Resolution of the crisis-who won?
Jackson's Indian policy
- Jackson's attitude
- Indian Removal Act and treaties
- Indians in the Old Southwest
- Black Hawk War
- Seminole War
- Cherokees' Trail of Tears
- Georgia's legal actions against the Indians
- Supreme Court rulings
- Jackson's reaction
- Cherokee removal
The bank controversy
- The bank's opponents
- Jackson's views
- Biddle's effort to recharter
- Jackson's grounds for veto
- The election of 1832
- Innovations of the Anti-Masonic party
- National conventions of the National Republicans and the Democrats
- Results of the election
- Jackson's removal of deposits
- Basis for his actions
- Changes in the secretary of the Treasury
- Removals to pet banks
- Economic reaction to the removal
- Contraction of credit in Biddle's bank
- Speculative binge
- Increase in land sales
- State indebtedness
- Bursting the bubble
- Distribution Act
- Specie Circular
- International complications
- Specie from Britain, France, and Mexico
- Decrease in British investments
- Banks in crisis
Van Buren and the new party system
- Emergence of the Whigs
- Sources of support
- Whig philosophy
- Van Buren the Democratic nominee
- Whig candidates
- The 1836 election
Van Buren's administration
- Van Buren characterized as the Little Magician
- The Panic of 1837
- Causes and effects
- Government reaction
- Proposal for an independent treasury
- Basis for the concept
- Passage in 1840
- Other issues of the times
- Slavery in the District of Columbia
- The northern boundary
The election of 1840
- The Whigs pick Harrison
- Nature of the campaign
- Results of the election
Assessing the Jacksonian years
- Voter participation increased
- Historical interpretations
- A closing assessment