Chapter 4
Chapter 4: The Imperial Perspective
Chapter Outline
British agencies of colonial policy
- Overall policy not coherent or efficient, generally lax
- Role of the king
- Colonial consolidation by the Restoration government
- Navigation Act of 1651
- Theory of mercantilism
- Navigation Acts of the Restoration
- Lords of Trade created by Charles II
- Customs collections tightened
- Creation of Dominion of New England
- Impact of the Glorious Revolution in America
- Dominion of New England broken up
- Appointments of governors in MA, NY, and MD
- Influence of John Locke
- Refinement of the Navigation Acts
- Creation of the Board of Trade
- Period of salutary neglect
Governments in the colonies
- Lack of a coherent plan
- Role of the governor
- Method of selection in different colonies
- Veto power
- Other authority
- Role of the assemblies
- Voting qualifications
- Qualifications for assembly membership
- Two key powers: to approve taxes; to initiate legislation
- Assemblies gain in influence and power
Spain and France in America
- Spanish decline
- Reasons
- Spanish-Indian relations
- New France
- Distinguishing traits of French settlements
- Beginnings in Quebec
- Jesuit missionary efforts
- Exploration and settlement to the south
- La Salle's achievement
- Founding of New Orleans
- French settlements by 1750
The colonial wars
- Nature of the wars
- France vs. England in four European and intercolonial conflicts
- New England suffered heavy losses
- English finances and politics deeply affected
- Rivalry over the Ohio Valley in the 1750s
- French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), 1754-1763
- Washington's defeat at Fort Necessity
- Albany Congress, 1754
- Plan for union rejected
- Substantive results of the congress
- Expulsion of the Acadians from Nova Scotia
- Braddock's campaign against Fort Duquesne
- Eruption of a world war
- Pitt's plan for victory
- Wolfe captures Quebec
- War against the Cherokees in the South
- Peace of Paris
- British territorial gains
- Pontiac's Rebellion
- Spain receives Louisiana
- British victory and the coming of the American Revolution