Chapter 3
Chapter 3: Colonial Ways Of Life
Chapter Outline
The shape of early America
- Early American settlers
- British folkways brought to New World
- Seaboard ecology
- Indian modifications
- European attitudes toward nature
- Transplanted animals transform the environment
- Population patterns
- Rapid population growth
- Earlier marriage age in the colonies
- Lower death rates in the colonies
- Family patterns in New England compared with those in the southern colonies
- Role of women in the British colonies
- Assumptions of female inferiority
- Eliza Lucas went beyond the traditional role
- Women's restricted role in churches
- Farm and town labor
- Prostitution
- Women's slightly higher colonial status
Sectional differences among the colonies
- Southern colonies
- Advantages of the warm climate
- Tobacco, rice, and naval stores became chief exports
- Effects of plentiful land and scarce labor
- Indentured servants solved some labor problems
- Slavery developed in the southern colonies
- First arrival of Africans in 1619
- Slavery in the Western Hemisphere
- Characteristics of West African culture
- Enslavement and the Middle Passage
- Geographical distribution of colonial slavery
- New York City slave revolt of 1741
- Emergence of an African American culture
- Varieties of slave labor
- Color prejudice and slavery
- The gentry
- Religion
- Anglican dominance of the Chesapeake region
- Anglican religious style different from elsewhere in the colonies
- The New England colonies
- Transformation of the British village into the New England town
- Puritan houses
- New England agriculture
- Success of the fishing industry
- Shipbuilding a vital part of the economy
- Rise of triangular trade
- Solutions to the chronic shortage of hard currency
- Puritans and worldly pleasures
- Puritan religion
- Congregational organization of churches
- Covenant theory of government
- Nature of church-state relationship
- Evidence of strain within the Puritan community in the late seventeenth century
- Economic and social strains developed
- Frequent challenges to authority
- Development of the Half-Way Covenant
- Witchcraft hysteria
- The Middle colonies
- Reflect elements of both the southern and New England colonies
- Products for export
- Land system used
- Ethnic elements represented in the population
Other social and intellectual features of the colonies
- The rise of cities
- Urban class groupings and stratification
- Urban problems
- Means of transportation
- Taverns
- Postal service
- Early newspapers and the Zenger trial
- Impact of the Enlightenment
- Importance of reason and science
- God as master clockmaker
- America's receptivity to the Enlightenment
- Ben Franklin as prime example of Enlightened American
- Developments in education
- Impact of the Great Awakening
- Causes for the development of the movement
- Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield
- Women and the revival movement
- Impact of the movement on churches and schools
- Long-range impact of the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment