Chapter 30: The Second World War
Chapter Outline
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- United States’s early battles
- Retreat in the Pacific
- Collapse along the Pacific
- Surrender of the Philippines
- Japanese strategy
- U.S. harassment
- Battle of the Coral Sea, May 1942
- Midway: a turning point
- Early setbacks in the Atlantic
- Devastation from German submarines
- Strategy of small patrol vessels
- Mobilization at home
- Mobilization of the armed forces
- Economic conversion to war
- Prewar planning
- War Production Board
- Role of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
- Methods of supplying strategic materials
- Financing the war
- Roosevelt’s effort to raise taxes
- Congressional reaction to taxation
- Sale of bonds
- Impact of the war on the economy
- Impact on personal incomes
- Efforts to control prices
- Efforts to control wages and farm prices
- Seizure of industries
- Domestic conservatism
- Congressional elections of 1942
- Abolition of New Deal agencies
- Anti-labor actions
- Development of the West
- Defense contracts
- Population growth
- Social effects of the war
- A.Women
- In the civilian workforce and the military
- Changing attitudes toward sex roles
- Blacks
- Segregation in the armed forces
- In war industries
- March on Washington Movement
- Black militancy
- Challenges to other discrimination
- Militant white reaction
- Native Americans
- Jobs in military and industry
- Reasons for service
- “Code talkers”
- Japanese Americans
- Civil liberties
- Internment of the Nisei
- Mexican Americans
- The war in Europe
- Basis for moving against Germany first
- Aspects of joint conduct of the war
- The formulation of the decision for the North African invasion
- North African campaign
- Eisenhower’s landing
- German surrender
- Agreements at Casablanca
- The battle of the Atlantic
- Techniques for fighting submarines
- Impact on the battle
- Sicily and Italy
- Invasion of Sicily
- Italian surrender
- German control of northern Italy
- The battle for Rome
- Strategic bombing of Europe
- British and U.S. cooperation
- Impact of the bombing
- Decisions of the Teheran Conference
- D-Day Invasion
- Allied planning
- German preparations
- Invasion
- Size of force
- Threats to success
- Losses
- German reaction
- Invasion of French Mediterranean coast
- Slow drive on Germany
- The war in the Pacific
- Guadalcanal offensive
- MacArthur’s sweep up the West Pacific
- Approval for the MacArthur plan
- The technique of “leapfrogging”
- The MacArthur sweep
- Nimitz’s moves in the Central Pacific
- The naval battle of Leyte Gulf
- The election of 1944
- Republican strategy
- Democratic vice-presidential choice
- Campaign and results
- The end of the war
- Closing in on Germany
- The German counteroffensive
- Final Russian offensive
- Allied moves
- The Yalta Conference
- Decisions
- Call for a United Nations
- Occupation of Germany
- Eastern Europe
- Assessment of decisions
- Collapse of the Third Reich
- FDR’s death
- Fall of Germany
- Discovery of Nazi Holocaust
- The grinding war in the Pacific
- Japanese resistance in the Pacific
- Occupation of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
- Impact of successes on conduct of war
- The atomic bomb
- Its development
- The decision to use it
- Truman’s opinion
- Costs of invasion
- Military practices
- Conditions in Japan
- Effects of two bombs
- Negotiations for surrender
- Final ledger on the war
- Death and destruction
- Impact on United States
- Prosperity
- Catalyst to civil rights and women’s movements
- Solidification of Democratic power
- Growth of government
- Global responsibilities
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