Chapter 21: The Emergence Of Urban America
Chapter Outline
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- Urbanization
- In westward movement
- Vertical growth
- Elevators
- Use of iron and steel
- Horizontal growth
- Mass transit
- Suburban segregation
- City life
- Exciting attraction
- Tenements
- Urban politics
- Political machines
- Services
- Graft
- Environmental effects
- Filth and disease
- “Sanitary” reformers
- Water pollution
- Immigration
- Sources of immigration
- Rural America
- Abroad
- Reasons for immigration to the United States
- Pull factors
- Push factors
- 1880s change in immigration
- Reception of immigrants
- Castle Garden
- Ellis Island
- Immigrant life
- Jobs
- Ethnic neighborhoods
- Nativist responses
- Objections to new immigrants
- American Protective Association
- Sources of immigration
- Popular culture
- Distinctive urban culture
- Vaudeville
- Outdoor recreation
- Parks
- Tennis
- Bicycling
- Ethnic and working-class recreation
- Saloons
- Widespread popularity
- Hub of social life
- Food and drink
- Camaraderie
- Services
- Male immigrants
- Critics of saloons
- Women’s work and leisure
- Married women
- Limited time after home work
- Public spaces for entertainment
- Single women
- Urban amusements
- Social restrictions
- Married women
- Spectator sports
- Urban location
- Football
- Basketball
- Baseball
- Education and professions
- Growth of public schooling
- Vocational education
- Manual training in high schools
- Morrill Act and land-grant colleges
- Higher education
- Increase in college population
- Growth of elective system
- More opportunities for women
- Graduate education
- German model
- Johns Hopkins University
- Theories of society
- Darwinism and its impact
- Social Darwinism
- Herbert Spencer
- William Graham Sumner
- Lester Frank Ward and reform Darwinism
- Social Darwinism
- Effects of Darwinism in academia
- Scientific history
- Emergence of sociology
- Changes in economics
- Pragmatism
- William James
- John Dewey and instrumentalism
- Literature
- Mark Twain
- Literary naturalism
- Frank Norris
- Stephen Crane
- Jack London
- Theodore Dreiser
- Social criticism
- Henry George and the single tax
- Thorstein Veblen and conspicuous consumption
- Darwinism and its impact
- The religious response: social gospel
- Abandonment of inner-city churches
- Development of the institutional church
- YMCA and the Salvation Army
- Institutional churches
- Washington Gladden
- Walter Rauschenbusch
- Catholic responses to modernity
- Syllabus of Errors
- Rerum Novarum
- Early efforts at urban reform
- The settlement house movement
- Nature of settlement houses
- Social control
- Women’s jobs and rights
- Growth of the female labor force
- Women’s suffrage
- Conflicts in the movement
- Gains in the states
- Other women’s efforts
- Efforts to regulate business
- State regulatory commissions
- Development of substantive due process
- Supreme Court acceptance of the view
- In cases against regulatory units
- In cases against labor
- The status of laissez-faire at the end of the century
- The settlement house movement
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