Chapter 19: New Frontiers: South And West
Chapter Outline
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- The New South
- Concept of the New South
- Henry Grady’s background
- His vision
- Other prophets of the New South Creed
- Economic growth
- Growth of cotton textile manufacturing
- Development of the tobacco industry
- John Ruffin Green and Bull’s Head
- Duke family
- Techniques used by Buck Duke for growth
- Creation and breakup of the American Tobacco Company
- Coal production
- Lumbering
- Other products
- Beginnings of petroleum and hydroelectric power
- Agriculture in the New South
- Limited diversity in agriculture
- Seaman Knapp and agricultural education
- Features of sharecropping and tenancy
- Impact of the crop lien system
- Tenantry’s environmental impact
- Soil depletion
- Soil erosion
- Role of the Bourbon Redeemers
- Nature of the Bourbons
- Bourbon economic policies
- Laissez-faire
- Retrenchment in government spending
- Convict lease system
- Repudiation of Confederate debts in some states
- Positive contributions of the Bourbons
- Role of the Democratic party in the New South
- Nature of the mongrel coalition
- Basis for independent political movements
- Efforts for Republican and independent collaboration
- Race relations
- Bourbon–African-American political compatibility
- Variety of color lines in social relations
- Disfranchisement of blacks
- Resurgent racism
- Resentment of black progress
- Repression
- Divisions caused by populism
- Techniques used
- Results
- Spread of segregation
- Railway cars
- Civil rights cases, 1883
- Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
- Other areas
- Violence against blacks
- Black responses to racism
- Accommodation
- Black culture
- Churches
- Businesses
- Activism of Ida Wells
- Booker T. Washington
- Accommodation to segregation
- 1895 speech in Atlanta
- W. Du Bois
- Criticisms of Washington
- “Ceaseless agitation”
- Importance of the Bourbons
- The New West
- Views of western history
- The West after the Civil War
- Frontiers of settlement
- Great American Desert
- Migration to the West
- Native-born Americans
- Foreign immigrants
- Exodusters
- “Pap” Singleton
- Kansas and Oklahoma
- “Buffalo soldiers”
- The mining frontier
- Pattern of mining development
- Locations of major mineral discoveries
- California
- Colorado
- Nevada
- Mining and the environment
- Mass production
- Hydraulic mining
- Barren canyons
- Destruction of farmland
- Protests
- Lack of legislation
- Woodruff v. North Bloomfield
- Development of new states
- Displacement of the Indians
- Agreement for tribal limitations, 1851
- Conflicts that arose during the Civil War
- Establishment of the Indian Peace Commission, 1867
- Policy of two large reservations
- Agreements with the Indians in 1867 and 1868
- Continued resistance of Indians
- The Great Sioux War
- Massacre at Little Bighorn
- Conquest of Sioux and others
- Significance of Chief Joseph and Nez Percé
- Ghost Dance movement
- Demise of the buffalo
- Intensive harvesting
- Environmental causes
- Drought
- Competition from other animals
- Indian hunters
- Stirrings for reform in Indian policy
- Eastern view of Indian slaughter
- Role of Helen Hunt Jackson
- Dawes Severalty Act, 1887
- Concept of new policy
- Provisions of Dawes and subsequent acts
- Impact of new policy
- Cattle industry in the West
- Development of the open range
- War’s increased demand for beef
- Renewal of long drives after the Civil War
- Joseph McCoy
- Features of the cow town
- Trade with the East
- Refrigerated train cars
- Marketing campaigns
- Joseph Glidden and barbed wire
- The farming frontier
- Land policy after the Civil War
- Changed institutions beyond the 100th meridian
- Efforts for reclamation of arid lands
- An assessment of land distribution
- Farm life on the Great Plains
- Difficulties
- Importance of women
- Advances in equipment
- Bonanza farms
- Diversified small farms
- Violence on the frontier
- Functions of violence
- Resolve disputes
- Protection
- Masculine honor
- Variety of violent conflicts
- The end of the frontier
- 1890 census
- Frederick Jackson Turner
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