Chapter 10: Nationalism And Sectionalism
Chapter Outline
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- Economic nationalism
- Postwar conditions
- Movement west
- Regional blocs
- Economic prosperity
- Madison’s proposals
- National Bank
- Effects of the expiration of the National Bank in 1811
- State banks mushroomed
- Hard money gravitated to New England
- State banknotes declined in value
- Absence of a central banking function
- Proposal for a new National Bank
- Support and opposition to the bank characterized
- Protective tariff
- Internal improvements
- Call for constitutional amendment
- State actions for internal improvements
- Calhoun’s bill and its fate
- Status of internal improvements
- An era of political harmony
- Election of 1816
- James Monroe characterized
- Monroe’s cabinet
- The election of 1820 and the demise of the first party system
- Diplomatic developments
- Agreements with Britain
- Rush-Bagot Agreement and navies on the Great Lakes
- Convention of 1818
- Western boundaries
- Fishing off Canada
- Remaining disputes
- Relations with Spain
- Florida
- Campaign against Seminoles
- Andrew Jackson’s success
- Ceded by Spain
- Western boundary settlement
- Portents of diminishing political harmony
- Panic of 1819
- Speculative binge
- Easy credit
- State banks lent beyond their means
- National Bank added to speculative mania
- State-chartered banks forced to maintain specie reserves
- The Missouri Compromise
- Early negotiations for Missouri’s entry as a state
- Terms of the compromise
- Maine admitted as free state
- Missouri admitted as slave state
- Slavery excluded north of 36% 30' in Louisiana Purchase
- Judicial Nationalism
- John Marshall, chief justice
- Judicial review
- Marbury v. Madison (1803)
- Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
- Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee (1816)
- Cohens v. Virginia (1821)
- Contract rights
- Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
- McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
- Federal supremacy in McCulloch v. Maryland
- Implied constitutional powers
- The “power to tax is the power to destroy”
- Interstate commerce in Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
- Congressional power
- Later concurrent jurisdiction
- Nationalist diplomacy
- Negotiating Russia out of Oregon
- The Monroe Doctrine
- Impact of Napoleonic Wars on Latin America
- British efforts to protect Latin America
- The Monroe Doctrine asserted
- Reactions to the doctrine
- One-party politics in 1824
- The candidates
- The system for nomination
- The issue candidates
- Outcome of the race
- Charges of “Corrupt Bargain”
- Presidency of John Quincy Adams
- Adams’s character and plans
- Adams’s mistakes
- Political activities that hurt him
- Tariff of 1828
- Election of 1828
- Opposition to Jackson
- His appeal to different groups
- Extension of suffrage in the states
- Other domestic trends
- Outcome of the election
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