Chapter 7: Shaping A Federal Union
Chapter Outline
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- Government of the Confederation period
- Authority given to Congress by the Articles of Confederation
- Basic accomplishments of the Confederation government
- Nature of congressional administration during the war
- Financial problems of the government
- Robert Morris, secretary of finance
- Use of public debt to secure support for the nation
- Scheme for a national bank failed to receive unanimous approval
- Newburgh Conspiracy
- Threat of a coup
- Washington’s opposition
- Growth of government debt
- Development of a land policy
- Direct congressional authority prevailed
- Geographic areas covered by the policy
- Land ordinances set policy
- Ordinance of 1784
- Ordinance of 1785
- Northwest Ordinance of 1787
- Territories into states
- Not imperialistic
- Western lands south of the Ohio River
- Indian treaties in West
- The war and the economy
- Effects on farming
- Impact on merchants
- Some helped, some hurt
- Free trade sentiment
- Pent-up demand
- Trade with China
- Diplomatic difficulties
- With Britain
- With Spain
- Confederacy’s problems
- Trade restrictions
- Shortage of cash
- Demand for paper currency
- Demands of debtors
- Shays’s Rebellion
- Calls for stronger government
- Adopting the Constitution
- Preliminary steps to the convention
- Mount Vernon meeting of 1785
- Annapolis meeting of 1786
- Call for a Constitutional Convention
- The Convention
- The delegates
- Political philosophy represented at the Convention
- Secrecy of the proceedings
- Conflict of the Virginia and New Jersey plans
- Terms of the Virginia plan
- Terms of the New Jersey plan
- Convention chose to create a new government
- Major issues of dispute in drafting the Constitution
- Basis for representation of the states
- Disputes between North and South over counting slaves
- No consideration of women’s rights
- Issues of citizenship and immigration
- Principles incorporated into the Constitution
- Separation of powers
- The office of president
- The judicial branch
- Examples of countervailing forces in the government
- Ratification provisions
- Fight for ratification
- Nationalists vs. Antifederalists
- Charles Beard’s argument for the economic motivation of the delegates
- Hamilton, Madison, and Jay
- Number 10
- Arguments of The Federalist for ratification
- Views of Federalists and Antifederalists
- Pattern of ratification by States
- Plans for transition to a new government
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