Chapter 6: The American Revolution
Chapter Outline
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- Start of the revolution in 1776
- The military situation
- British
- American
- In New York and New Jersey
- Battle of Long Island
- Washington’s gamble at Trenton
- American success at Princeton
- Results of 1776
- Missed opportunity for the British
- American war of attrition
- American society in wartime
- Divisions among the people
- Loyalists or Tories
- Small minority
- Support in seaports and backcountry
- Cause of British frustration
- Patriots or Whigs
- Militia
- Continental army
- Problems of finance, supply, and health
- Revenue
- Arsenal at Springfield
- Small army
- Impact of smallpox
- The war continues
- Campaigns of 1777
- British plans
- Howe’s capture of Philadelphia
- Washington at Valley Forge
- Burgoyne defeated by Gates at Saratoga
- Foreign involvement in war
- French enter war
- French-American agreements
- Spain allies with France
- British attack Dutch
- 1778
- British concessions
- Clinton replaces Howe
- Washington at Valley Forge
- Von Steuben and military training
- Spring revival
- Stalemate
- D.War in the West
- Victories of George Rogers Clark in Illinois in 1778
- Sullivan and Clinton destroy Iroquois in 1779
- Daniel Boone in Kentucky
- Defeat of Cherokees
- Southern campaign
- British motives and results
- Capture of Savannah and Charleston
- Cornwallis’s victory at Camden
- Turning point at King’s Mountain
- Morgan’s victory at Cowpens
- Battle of Guilford Courthouse
- Yorktown, October 1781
- Nature of campaign
- Defeat of Cornwallis
- Peace negotiations
- Negotiators
- Nature of the problems with France and with Spain
- American initiatives with Britain
- Terms of the Peace of Paris, September 3, 1783
- The Revolution at home
- Revolutionary concepts developed in America
- Lack of a feudal tradition
- Republican governmental ideas
- Changes in state governments
- Concept of a written constitution
- Concept of a constitutional convention
- Other principles in new state governments
- Articles of Confederation
- Difficulties in obtaining ratification
- Powers of central government under the Articles
- Impact on equality in the colonies
- On lower socioeconomic groups
- Ending habits of deference to upper classes
- Broader voting and officeholding qualifications
- Limited land confiscation and land grants
- On slavery
- States’ control of slave trade
- Role of blacks in the war
- Lord Dunmore and the Ethiopian Regiment
- Blacks in American army
- Antislavery efforts
- Emancipation by northern states
- Manumission by some southerners
- On women
- Involvement in prewar boycotts and in providing wa rtime supplies
- Limited gains in law for women
- On religion
- Removal of tax support for religion in various states
- Development of some national church organizations
- An American culture
- Independence Day
- First new nation
- Nation’s special mission
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