Chapter 5: From Empire To Independence
Chapter Outline
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- Impact of the British victory in the Great War for Empire
- Situation after the British victory over France
- Rumblings of American nationalism
- Awareness of distinctions between British and American military systems
- Retaliation of the British government for colonial actions during the war
- Imperial forces won the war while colonists traded with the enemy
- Efforts to use writs of assistance to stop illegal trade
- Colonists used the war to exact concessions from their governors
- Problems of managing defense in the newly captured lands to the north and east
- British politics and the colonies
- Government of George III
- Whiggish nature
- Intrigue and instability
- Proclamation Line of 1763
- Grenville program and effects
- Revenues for troops in the West
- Making colonists pay
- Vice admiralty court
- Sugar Act, 1764
- Currency Act, 1764
- Stamp Act, 1765
- Quartering Act
- Ideology of colonial reaction
- Radical whiggery
- British tyranny
- “No taxation without representation”
- Stamp Act crisis
- Colonial demonstrations
- Idea of colonial unity
- Stamp Act Congress, October 1765
- New Rockingham ministry
- Repeal of tax, 1776
- Declaratory Act, March 1766
- Increasing tensions with British
- Townshend duties
- Colonial reactions
- John Dickinson’s opposition
- Sam Adams
- Sons of Liberty
- Circular letter with James Otis
- Boston Massacre
- Townshend duties repealed except tax on tea
- Two years of relative peace
- Backcountry protests
- Vermont created
- Paxton Boys of Pennsylvania
- South Carolina Regulators
- North Carolina protests
- Crisis approaching
- More colonial protests
- Gaspee burned, 1772
- Committees of Correspondence formed, after November 1772
- Boston Tea Party
- Tea Act of 1773
- Colonists’ protests
- Effects
- British respond with Coercive Acts, 1774
- Port of Boston closed
- Trials of officials transferred to England
- New quartering act for soldiers
- Massachusetts’s Council and law enfo rcement offices made ap p o i n t ive
- No town meetings
- Quebec Act, July 1774
- First Continental Congress, September 1774
- Rejects plan of union
- Adopts Declaration of American Rights
- Endorses Continental Association
- Economic self-sufficiency
- Boycott of British goods
- Popular support
- British response
- Massachusetts in rebellion
- Restrictions on trade
- Conciliatory Resolution
- Patrick Henry and war
- Conflict spreads
- Colonists take the initiative
- Lexington and Concord
- Beginning of Revolutionary War
- Second Continental Congress convenes, 1775
- Fall of Fort Ticonderoga
- Continental army established
- Battle of Bunker Hill
- Olive Branch Petition and Declaration for Taking Up Arms
- Authorized attack on Québec
- Smallpox
- Defeat for Revolutionaries
- Growth of Congress
- Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
- Declaration of Independence
- Role of Jefferson
- Local declarations of independence
- George Mason’s influence
- Contract theory of government
- Causes of revolution
- Multiple explanations
- British sovereignty vs. American rights
- Individual motives
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