CHAPTER OUTLINE

The nation in the 1990s Demographic changes Aging population Growth of Sunbelt Metropolitan growth Working women Decline of family unit African-American poverty New immigrants Surge in numbers Non-European Nativism Computer revolution First-generation computers Postwar developments Private corporations The transistor Third generation Microprocessor Personal computer Bill Gates Internet Cultural conservatism Attack on liberalism Against “political correctness” Against affirmative action Religious right Christian coalition Political activism Bush to Clinton Background to 1992 election Disruptions in foreign policy Gulf War Collapse of the Soviet Union Recession and unemployment Increasing joblessness Layoffs of white-collar workers Declining standard of living Controversy over Clarence Thomas Thomas’s conservatism Charges of Anita Hill Senate hearings Resurgence of women’s movement Gender gap Republican problems Tax increases Christian right and divisions Election of Bill Clinton Personal background Governor of Arkansas Moderate “Slick Willie” Election results Domestic policy in Clinton’s first term Economic policies Deficit reduction NAFTA Health care reform Precedents Opposition Defeat Handguns and crime Brady Bill Crime bill Passage Costs Militia movement Anti-government Siege at Waco, Texas Oklahoma City bombing Republican insurgency Election of 1994 Republican control of Congress Repudiation of Clinton Contract with America Newt Gingrich Ten-point contract Congressional action Results Clinton moves to center Legislative breakthroughs in 1996 Increments in minimum wage and health care Welfare reform 1996 election Bob Dole Results Economic and social trends of the 1990s The economy Prosperity Soaring stock market Globalization White collar workers Growing number Longer hours Work to spend Courts and race Race-based programs in business Affirmative action in education Scandals Whitewater Allegations Special prosecutor Charges of sexual harassment Impeachment of Clinton Charges Trial Acquittal Foreign affairs Low priority for Clinton Continuity in Somalia Haiti Support for ousted Aristide Successful negotiations Middle East Inclusion of PLO in talks Israel-PLO agreement Assassination of Rabin 1998 agreement of Arafat and Netanyahu Balkans Implosion of Yugoslavia Ethnic conflict Peace plan Kosovo 1998 flare-up Ethnic cleansing NATO air strikes Election of 2000 Candidates Al Gore George W. Bush Independents Patrick Buchanan Ralph Nader Issues Role for federal government U.S. role in the world Election results Gore plurality Controversy in Florida Close vote Recount and challenges Bush declared winner Bush v. Gore Supreme Court decision for Bush Resilience of political system Partisan balance Power of moderate center Urban vs. rural divisions. George W. Bush presidency First months Experienced advisers Economic recession Speculative and ethical excesses Internet bubble Market collapse Tax cut Global terrorism American dominance Ethnic, religious, cultural divisions Anti-American rage Secret war against terrorism in 1990s September 11, 2001 Aerial attacks World Trade Center Pentagon Failure in Pennsylvania Reactions Shock, chaos, grief, anger Unity and patriotism Al Qaeda network Source of terrorists Led by Osama bin Laden Provided haven by Taliban Bush declared war on terrorism International coalition Operation Enduring Freedom Attacks on Afghanistan Collapse of Taliban regime Peace agreement in Afghanistan Domestic threat Office of Homeland Security USA PATRIOT Act Wider government powers Civil liberties concerns Anthrax deaths Middle East problems Palestinian intifada Israelis elect Sharon The Bush Doctrine Change from containment Preemptive military action