CHAPTER OUTLINE

From Hooverism to the New Deal Roosevelt enters the presidency Situation critical FDR’s initiatives Election of 1932 Roosevelt Background Personality Health Campaign Hoover Result Inauguration Banking crisis Spirit of assurance Competing solutions Brain trust Options Antitrust action Collaborate with big business Government spending FDR’s vacillating positions Strengthening financial institutions Bank holiday Banking legislation Securities Exchange Commission End of gold standard Relief measures Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Civil Works Administration (CWA) Works Progress Administration (WPA) Recovery through regulation Aid for agriculture Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) Commodity Credit Corporation Effects on prices and production U.S v. Butler Soil conservation Second AAA Industrial recovery National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) Public Works Administration (PWA) National Recovery Administration (NRA) Objectives Fair practice codes Effects on labor Controversies Unconstitutional Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Purposes Achievements The human cost of the depression Hardships in personal lives Unemployment Crime Birthrates Dust bowl migrants Origins Destinations Okie subculture Minorities Programs for whites only Effects of crop reductions on tenants Mexican Americans Lack of citizenship Calls for deportation Native Americans John Collier Indian Reorganization Act Culture in the thirties Literature and the depression Effects of depression Militancy Affirmation Novelists of social significance John Steinbeck Richard Wright Popular culture Radio Entertainment Fireside chats Movies Talkies Comedies The Second New Deal Eleanor Roosevelt Background Personality Role in administration Criticism of the New Deal American Liberty League Critics on the left Huey P. Long Francis E. Townsend Charles E. Coughlin Supreme Court Legislative achievements Wagner Act Social Security Act Pension fund Unemployment insurance Aid to unemployables Revenue Act of 1935 FDR’s second term Election of 1936 Alfred M. Landon Union Party FDR’s coalition Outcome Court-packing plan Enlarge the court Opposition Changes in the court Effects of fight Changes in labor Renewed unionization Rise of industrial unions Committee for Industrial Organization Split with American Federation of Labor Auto and steel workers Failure in the South Economic downturn 1937 slump Debate over policy Large-scale spending Decline in FDR’s prestige Post-1936 reforms Wagner-Steagall National Housing Act Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act Fair Labor Standards Act Setbacks for Roosevelt Anti–New Deal bloc Anti-Communist crusade 1938 purge attempt Legacy of the New Deal: a halfway revolution Enlarged government Restoration of hope Increased government responsibility Revolutionary and conservative