CHAPTER OUTLINE

Wilson and foreign affairs Inexperience and idealism Intervention in Mexico Díaz overthrown in revolution Nonrecognition of the Huerta government Invasion at Veracruz Carranza’s government The pursuit of Pancho Villa Problems in the Caribbean America’s uneasy neutrality Outbreak of the war Unprecedented war Scope of fighting Horrors of war Initial American response Declaration of neutrality Attitudes of first- and second-generation immigrants Views of other American groups Effect of propaganda on Americans Extension of economic credit to the Allies Problems of neutrality Conflicts over neutral rights at sea German use of submarines Sinking of the Lusitania American protests Bryan’s resignation Arabic pledge Debate over preparedness Demands for stronger army and navy Progressives and pacifists National Defense Act of 1916 Move for a stronger navy Revenue Act of 1916 Election of 1916 Republicans nominated Democratic program Issues of the campaign Results of the election Last efforts for peace Wilson’s actions Mediation Terms for peace Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare Diplomatic break with Germany Bombshells of March 1917 Zimmerman Telegram Russian Revolution U.S. entry into the war Wilson’s call for war An assessment of reasons for U.S. entry into the war America’s early role Expanding the navy Loans to allies Building a fighting force Raising an army Training soldiers Mobilizing the home front Regulating the economy Government agencies War Industries Board Wartime labor force Blacks Mexican Americans Women War propaganda Civil liberties in the war Popular disdain for all things German Espionage and Sedition Acts Terms of the acts Prosecutions Impact of the acts Schenck v. United States The American role in the war Allies’ situation Western front German offensives American offensives Russian intervention The Fourteen Points Origins Content Purposes Responses Terms of the armistice The fight for the peace Wilson’s role Decision to attend the peace conference Effects of congressional elections of 1918 Wilson’s reception in Europe Structure of the conference Emphasis on the League of Nations Article X of the charter Machinery of the League Early warning from Lodge Concessions to French Compromises on national self-determination The agreement for reparations Obtaining the German signature Wilson’s loss at home Support for the peace Lodge’s reaction Opponents of the treaty Wilson’s speaking tour Wilson’s stroke Failure of the Senate votes Formal ending of the war Conversion to peace Spanish flu epidemic Labor unrest Race riots The Red Scare Fear of radicals Bombs in the mail Deportation of aliens Evaporation of the Red Scare Legacy of the Red Scare