CHAPTER OUTLINE

The war’s aftermath The North Friendly to business National power centralized Morrill Tariff National Banking Act Transcontinental railroad Homestead Act Morrill Land Grant Act The South Property destroyed Worthless money and bonds Slaves freed Relationships transformed Confederates embittered The freed slaves New status Legal rights Lack of property Freedmen’s Bureau Help freedmen Limited powers Battle over Reconstruction Lincoln’s plan Provisions Implementation Congressional reaction Radical critics Wade-Davis Bill Lincoln’s response Assassination of Lincoln Johnson’s plan Johnson’s background Tennessee Jacksonian Unionist Election Ideas on Union Indestructible No Reconstruction Similar to Lincoln’s plan Southern resistance Elects ex-Confederates “Black codes” Congressional Radicals Joint Committee on Reconstruction Role of Radicals Thaddeus Stevens Motivation Humanitarianism Bitterness Black vote Constitutional theory Johnson vs. Congress Veto of Freedmen’s Bureau extension Johnson attacks Radicals Veto of Civil Rights Act overridden The Fourteenth Amendment Congressional Reconstruction Elections of 1866 Legislation Military Reconstruction Act Command of the Army Act Tenure of Office Act Limits on Supreme Court review Impeachment and trial of Johnson Mutual hostility Initial effort failed Violation of Tenure in Office Act Political purposes Trial Role of Edmund Ross Effects of trial Republican rule in South Readmission of states Role of Union League The reconstructed South Attitudes of whites The life of freedmen Military experience Independent organizations Families reaffirmed Farm workers Wage laborers Tenant farmers Schools Black political life Illiterate and inexperienced Increasing participation Divisions among blacks Limited political role White Republicans in South Carpetbaggers Scalawags The Radicals’ record White terror Ku Klux Klan Enforcement Acts Conservative resurgence Weakened morale Mobilized white vote Decline of northern concern The Grant years The election of 1868 Reasons for support of Grant The Grant ticket and platform Democratic programs and candidates Results The character of Grant’s leadership Proposal to pay the government debt Scandals Jay Gould’s effort to corner the gold market The Crédit-Mobilier exposure Secretary of War and the Indian Bureau “Whiskey Ring” Grant’s personal role in the scandals Reform and the election of 1872 Liberal Republicans nominate Greeley in 1872 Grant’s advantages Economic panic Causes for the depression Severity of the depression Democratic control of the House in 1874 Reissue of greenbacks Resumption of specie payments approved in 1875 The Compromise of 1877 Election of 1876 Republicans nominate Hayes Democrats run Tilden Parties’ stances Uncertain results Electoral Commission Compromises End of Reconstruction