CHAPTER OUTLINE

The start of war Lincoln Trip to Washington “Union is perpetual” The South Secession Firing on Fort Sumter Union blockade Secession of upper South Border state choices Southern unionists Advantages of each side The North Population Industry Farm production Transportation The South Geography Defensive war Strong military tradition First Battle of Bull Run Caused by naive optimism Northern retreat Early course of the war Strategies Union’s three-pronged plan Defend Washington and pressure Richmond Blockade South Divide Confederacy Confederate strategy Force stalemate Foreign support Negotiated settlement Naval action Ironclads Union successes in South Raising armies Enlistments Conscription Opposition to draft Activity in West Continued settlement Fighting in Kansas Indian involvement U. S. Grant Unconditional surrender in Tennessee Costly loss at Shiloh McClellan’s campaign in East McClellan’s character Lincoln’s demands Advance on Richmond Lee given command in the South Lee’s attack on McClellan Halleck replaces McClellan Confederate trap Union defeat Battle of Antietam McClellan’s hesitancy Failure of Lee’s invasion Fredericksburg Union attack Burnside withdraws Emancipation and blacks War’s effects on emancipation Lincoln’s considerations The proclamation Reactions to emancipation Blacks in the military Thirteenth Amendment Women and the Civil War Nurses Clara Barton Sally Tompkins New responsibilities Widows and spinsters Wartime government Power in Union shifts to North Protective tariff Transcontinental railroad Homestead Act Other legislation Financing the war Union’s revenues Greenbacks Bonds Capital accumulation Confederate problems Confederate diplomacy Attempts at recognition Success in obtaining supplies Wartime politics Union Pressure of the Radicals Divided Democrats Suspension of habeas corpus Elections of 1862 and 1864 Confederate Discontent in South Problems of states’ rights The faltering Confederacy in 1863 Hooker leads the Union Chancellorsville Peak of Lee’s career Loss of Stonewall Jackson Union wins at Vicksburg and Gettysburg Grant’s siege of Vicksburg Gettysburg Lee’s invasion Pickett’s charge Confederate defeat Cemetery Confederate surrender of Vicksburg Chattanooga Confederate advantage Federal victory Defeat of the Confederacy Situation at end of 1863 Confederate morale Grant’s plan to attack War of extermination Grant pursues Lee in Virginia Sherman marches across Georgia Surrender at Appomattox The aftermath of the war