CHAPTER OUTLINE

New Political Culture Mass politics Easing voting restrictions Common-man politician Political parties Stands on issues Nominating conventions Party machines Elite control Jackson takes office Inauguration Political appointments Calhoun-Van Buren rivalry Peggy Eaton affair Internal improvements Maysville Road Bill Jackson’s veto Nullification issue and crisis Situation in Calhoun’s South Carolina Calhoun’s theory of nullification Abandons nationalism South Carolina Exposition and Protest The Webster-Hayne Debate Initial issue of western lands States’ rights vs. nationalism Impact of the dispute Break with Calhoun Jefferson Day Dinner Jackson’s toast Calhoun’s response Revelation of Calhoun’s 1818 view of Jackson Changes in cabinet Appointment of Van Buren Calhoun’s reaction Nullification crisis South Carolina’s actions Nullification ordinance Reactions Jackson asks for Force Bill Calhoun opposes secession Clay’s Compromise approved South Carolina rescinds nullification Racial prejudice in Jacksonian era Equality versus white supremacy Attitudes toward blacks Treatment of northern free blacks Segregation Anti-black riots Southern slavery Jackson’s Indian policy Jackson’s attitude Indian removal treaties negotiated The Black Hawk War and other resistance Cherokee “Trail of Tears” Background to the Georgia actions Supreme Court rulings Jackson’s reaction Cherokee removal The bank controversy Opposition of the bank Contributions of the bank The effort to recharter Biddle’s plan Impact of Jackson’s veto The election of 1832 Innovations Rise of the Anti-Masonic party Use of national conventions Results of the election Jackson’s renewed war on the B.U.S. Removal of deposits Use of “pet banks” Economic impact of the changes B.U.S. tightening of credit Speculative binge Increase in land sales Increases in state debts Deflation Terms and impact of the Distribution Act Importance of the Specie Circular International complications The new party system The Whig party Sources of support Whig philosophy The election of 1836 Nature of the contest Results The Van Buren’s administration Van Buren’s background The Panic of 1837 Causes and effects Van Buren’s attitude and actions Creation of the Independent Treasury Whigs and economic development Passage in 1840 Other issues of the time The election of l840 Parties and candidates Nature of the campaign Outcome Assessing the Jackson years Development of political parties Conflicting interpretations of Jackson Consequences of Jackson’s laissez-faire policies