CHAPTER OUTLINE

Youth revolt Sources Baby boomers as young adults Sit-ins and end of apathy New Left Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) Port Huron Statement Participatory democracy Free Speech movement Berkeley Quality of campus life Antiwar protests The draft Teach-ins and protests Growing militancy 1968 Columbia University uprising Democratic convention in Chicago Fracturing of SDS Counterculture Descendants of the Beats Contrasted with New Left Drugs, communes, hedonism Rock music Woodstock Altamont Cooptation and failure The rights of women and minorities Feminism Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique National Organization for Women Federal actions Affirmative action Roe v. Wade Equal Rights Amendment Divisions and reactions Sexual revolution and the pill Age of permissiveness “Make love, not war” Virtual end of censorship Oh! Calcutta! Sex and the Single Girl Oral contraceptive Greg Pincus 1960 approval Popularity Effects Hispanics United Farm Workers Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans Political power Native Americans Emergence of Native American rights American Indian Movement Legal actions Gays and lesbians Raid on Stonewall Inn Gay Liberation Front Christian fundamentalist reaction Nixon and Vietnam Reaction in the 1970s Election of 1968 The “Silent Majority” Policy of withdrawal Insistence on Communist withdrawal from South Vietnam Efforts to undercut unrest in the United States Troop reductions Lottery and volunteer army Expanded air war Impact of the war on military morale Military disobedience Fraggings Drug problems Occasions for public outcry against the war My Lai massacre Cambodian “incursion” Campus riots Public reaction Pentagon Papers Method of disclosure Revelations of the papers Supreme Court ruling U.S. withdrawal Kissinger’s efforts before the 1972 election Christmas bombings Final acceptance of peace U.S. withdrawal in March 1973 Ultimate victory of the North, March–April 1975 Assessment of the war Communist control Failure to transfer democracy Erosion of respect for the military Drastic division of the U.S. people Impact on future foreign policy Nixon and Middle America Reflection of Middle American values Domestic affairs Status of Nixon in domestic legislation Continuance of civil rights progress Voting Rights Act continued over a veto Supreme Court upheld integration In Mississippi Support for busing Congress refused to end busing Limitation on busing in Detroit Bakke decision Revenue sharing Other domestic legislation Economic malaise Development of stagflation Causes Nixon’s efforts to improve the economy Reducing the federal deficit Reducing the money supply Imposing wage and price controls Environmental movement Recognition of the limits of growth Impact of the energy crisis Competition with vested interests Reasons for opposition to environmental reform Cost Loss of faith in governmental efforts Refusal to accept lesser standard of living Nixon’s foreign triumphs Rapprochement with China Development of stagflation Causes Détente with the Soviet Union Visit to Moscow SALT agreement Trade agreements Kissinger’s shuttle diplomacy in the Middle East Election of 1972 Removal of the Wallace threat McGovern candidacy Results of the election Watergate Judge Sirica’s role Unraveling the cover-up Nixon’s personal role Development of illegal tactics April resignations Discovery of the tapes Saturday Night Massacre Supreme Court decided against the president Articles of impeachment Resignation Aftermath of Watergate Ford’s selection Nixon pardon Distrust of leaders and institutions Shock at the crudity of leaders Resiliency of U.S. institutions War Powers Act Campaign financing legislation Freedom of Information Act Ford presidency Drift at the end of the Nixon administration Ford’s battle with the economy Foreign policy accomplishments Election of 1976 Ford’s nomination Reasons for the Carter rise Carter’s victory Carter presidency Carter style and his challenges Early domestic moves Appointments Amnesty for draft dodgers Administrative reorganization Environmental legislation Deregulation of the oil industry Crisis of confidence Foreign policy initiatives Human rights focus Panama Canal treaties Diplomatic relations with China Camp David Accords Failure to manage the economy Emphasis on reducing unemployment Reversal: the reduction of government deficits SALT II negotiations Reactions to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan Iranian crisis Background to the seizure Carter’s efforts to help the hostages Crisis ended