CHAPTER OUTLINE

Impact of the war Questions raised about the South Treatment of ex-Confederates New governments Rebuilding the economy Confederate debts Railroads, buildings, levees Role and rights of former slaves Land Education Voting rights Change in political power Friendly to business Accomplishments Morrill Tariff National Banking Act Homestead Act Effects on the South Physical and economic devastation Land values Crops White women and work Bitterness of whites The former slaves Citizenship and legal rights Landless Freedmen’s Bureau Developing a plan of Reconstruction Loyal counties of Virginia Military governors in Tennessee, Arkansas, and Louisiana Lincoln’s plan of Reconstruction Provisions Implementation in Tennessee, Arkansas, and Louisiana Congressional reaction Wade-Davis Bill and its veto Lincoln’s final statement on Reconstruction Assassination of Lincoln Johnson and Reconstruction Johnson’s background Radicals’ perception of him Johnson’s plan Union indestructible Amnesty and pardon End of land distribution State governments Southern reactions Intransigence New governments Black codes Radicals and Reconstruction Motivation Conquered provinces argument Forfeited rights theory Johnson vs. Congress Veto of Freedmen’s Bureau Assault on Radicals Veto of Civil Rights Act overridden Fourteenth Amendment Congressional Reconstruction triumphant Actions in Congress early in 1867 Extension of suffrage in the District of Columbia Requirement that new Congress convene Command of the Army Act Tenure of Office Act Military Reconstruction Act Key provisions for black suffrage and the Fourteenth Amendment Tennessee exempted Military districts Later Reconstruction Acts to plug loopholes Constitutional issues and the Supreme Court Congress limits the Supreme Court Texas v. White Effort to remove Johnson Impeachment Johnson’s actions Failure of first effort to impeach Violation of Tenure of Office Act Articles of impeachment Trial Arguments Acquittal Role of Edmund Ross Ramifications Crippled presidency Johnson’s loss in 1868 Radicals Morale damaged Radical Reconstruction began Radical rule in the South Readmission of southern states Duration of Radical control Role of the Union League prior to Reconstruction Reconstructed South African Americans Goals under freedom Equal opportunities Respect White resistance Black initiatives Military service Independent organizations Churches Clubs, lodges, associations Family life Schools Persisting white opposition Northern assistance Carpetbaggers and scalawags Achievements of the Radical governments New state constitutions Black suffrage Civil rights Public schools Public works programs Corruption White Terror Objections to black participation in government The Ku Klux Klan Enforcement Acts to protect black voters The return of conservative control Reasons for abandonment of the Radical programs Duration of Radical control The Grant years The election of 1868 Reasons for support of Grant The Grant ticket and platform Democratic programs and candidates Results The character of Grant’s leadership Early appointments Proposal to pay the government debt Scandals Jay Gould’s effort to corner the gold market The Crédit-Mobilier exposure Other scandals Grant’s personal role in the scandals Reform and the election of 1872 Liberal Republicans nominate Greeley in 1872 Grant’s advantages Economic panic Causes for the depression Severity of the depression Democratic control of the House in 1874 Reissue of greenbacks Resumption of specie payments approved in 1875 Election of 1876 Elimination of Grant and Blaine Republicans nominate Hayes Democrats nominate Tilden Views of the parties Results of the popular vote Role of the Electoral Commission Wormley House bargain Promises of each side Promises filled and unfilled The end of Reconstruction The crumbling of African-American rights An enduring legacy