CHAPTER OUTLINE

The Old South Southern mythology Explanations of distinctiveness Geography and weather Human factors Biracial population Conscious and defensive minority Farming Belief in distinctiveness Agriculture Staple crops Tobacco, indigo, rice, sugar, and hemp Cotton Huge demand New lands in Southwest Self-sufficient general farming Economic worries Soil exhaustion Agricultural diversification Manufacturing and trade Decline in manufacturing Calls for diversification Example of Daniel Pratt Explanations for lack of development White society in the South Plantations Defined The planter The plantation mistress Supervisor of domestic slaves Sexual double standard Overseers The middle class Largest group Land ownership Style of life Poor whites Characteristics Health Culture of honor and violence Code of honors Origins among Germans and Celts Components Role of southern "lady" Outlets in popular rituals Manliness Duels Clay-Randolph duel Anti-dueling societies African Americans in the Old South Free persons of color Legal status Mulattos Slaveholders Slaves Slave trade Numbers and values End of African slave trade Domestic trade Plantation slavery Conditions Discipline Insurrections Denmark Vesey Nat Turner Malingering and sabotage Slave women White stereotypes Jezebels Mammies Value for reproduction Work Threat of sexual abuse Opportunity for escape The slave community Diversity Cohesion and pride Slave religion and folklore African and Christian elements Use of religion as an instrument of white control and black refuge The uses of folklore The slave family Legal status Importance of the nuclear family Sexual exploitation of slaves The Old Southwest Description Migration Reasons to move Women underrepresented Reactions of slaves Nature of journey Masculine culture Example of Celia Antislavery movements Early opponents of slavery Few white southerners American Colonization Society Movement toward abolitionism From gradualism to immediatism William Lloyd Garrison New England Anti-Slavery Society American Anti-Slavery Society Splits in abolitionism Radical vs. reformer Role of women Black abolitionists Critical of white antislavery efforts Frederick Douglass Sojourner Truth Reaction to antislavery agitation Hostility "Gag rule" in Congress Development of Liberty party Defenses of slavery Role of churches Inferiority of blacks Practical considerations Compared to northern industry