CHAPTER OUTLINE

English background to colonization Unique features of English development Mixtures of languages and religions Safety of isolation Fading of feudalism Class structure Government Local self-rule Power of Parliament Common Law The economy Joint-stock companies Population explosion Migrations The monarchy under the Stuarts James I and “divine right” Charles I and Parliament Civil War Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1649–1660 Restoration of Charles II, 1660 Glorious Revolution of 1689 1701 Act of Settlement The early English colonies on the Chesapeake Patterns of English colonization Expectation of stockholders Example of Ireland Migrants not settlers Settlement of Virginia Settlement at Jamestown, 1607 Role of John Smith Powhatan Confederacy Early difficulties Importance of tobacco The headright policy General Assembly of Virginia Conflicts with Indians Becomes a royal colony in 1624 Growth and stability under William Berkeley Bacon’s Rebellion Tensions, discontents, and hatreds Role of Nathaniel Bacon Results Maryland Proprietary colony Importance of Catholics Colonial New England Compared to Chesapeake colonies Middle class More women Healthier climate Holy settlement Settlement at Plymouth Pilgrims Separatists The Mayflower Settlement of Plymouth Mayflower Compact Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630 Role of the Puritans John Winthrop Evolution of government Creation of Rhode Island Views of Roger Williams Religious freedom Controversy over Anne Hutchinson Origins of Connecticut, 1637 Settlement of Maine and New Hampshire New England Indians Cultural interactions Strategies of Indians English objectives Indian Society Dependence of Nature Religion Epidemics Pequot War Background Massacre of Indians King Philip’s War The English Civil War and the colonies Reduced immigration English neglect of colonies Formation of New England Confederation, 1643 Controversy over toleration in Maryland Cromwell’s defense of the colonies Limited impact of the Restoration New proprietary colonies Carolinas settlements and governments North Carolina’s development South Carolina Impact of West Indian planters Religious toleration Southern Indian trade Geographic extent of and material basis for trade Troubles arising from Indian trade Tuscarora War Causes and effects of Yamassee War, 1715–1717 New York Originally a Dutch colony Patroon system British conquest, 1664 Effects of Dutch Iroquois League Formation of the Iroquois League Iroqois life Development of warfare among the tribes Iroquois expansion and its effects Evolution of neutrality in the 1700s New Jersey, a proprietary grant from the Duke of York Pennsylvania’s development Problems of the Quakers Role of William Penn Development of the colony Government and Indian relations Delaware granted to Penn, but operated separately Experiment of Georgia, 1733 Philanthropic purpose Defensive role General features of English settlement Effect of lack of centralized direction Role of private investment Welcome of diverse settlers Importance of self-government Compact pattern of settlement