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Chapter 18

Chapter 18: Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Geotours

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Using the power of Google Earth, GeoTours take you on flyovers of key locations discussed in the text.

StudySpace student website and ebook icons in each GeoTour connect your to the text and online review materials.

Dialogue boxes accompanying each site include text, figures, photos.

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Geotour 18: Glacial Landscapes

Continental Glacial Features

1a. Continental glaciers created a wide array of fascinating landforms (many of which people pass by every day without noticing).

Check and double-click placemark Problem 1a to fly to northern New York state. Once there, temporarily increase your vertical exaggeration to 3. Now click the Google Maps button in the icon bar. Once Google Maps opens in your web browser, click the Terrain button in Google Maps (upper right-hand corner) to see a shaded relief map with contour lines. What are the numerous features that you see here?

1b. Using the geometry of these features, from what direction did the continental glacier advance?
1c. What are these features mostly composed of?
1d. Check and double-click placemark Problem 1d to see the nearby Finger Lakes region of northern New York state. How did these lakes form?
1e. Check and double-click the “Glacial Moraines-Long Island, NY & Cape Cod, Ma” map overlay. What kind of moraines were deposited on Long Island & Cape Cod?
1f. Given your answer to Problem 1e, from what direction did the continental glacier advance?

Alpine/Valley Glacial Features

2a. Alpine and valley glaciers sculpt the landscape over which they flow and create numerous spectacular features. The following problems will explore some of these in more detail.

Check and double-click the placemarks for Problem 2a to fly to Baffin Island in Canada. What type of moraine do these placemarks highlight?

2b. Check and double-click placemark Problem 2b. What type of moraine does this placemark highlight?
2c. The glacier highlighted by placemark Problem 2c extends down the valley to actually have its terminus extend into the seawater of the fjord. What type of glacier is this?
2d. Check and double-click the placemarks for Problem 2d to fly to the Matterhorn area in Switzerland. What narrow, knife-like feature do these placemarks highlight?
2e. Check and double-click the placemarks for Problem 2e. What semi-circular, amphitheater-shaped feature do these placemarks highlight?
2f. Check and double-click the placemarks for Problem 2f. What jagged feature that is a result of glaciers sculpting the rock on 3 or more sides do these placemarks highlight?
2g. Check and double-click placemark Problem 2g. What saddle-like feature along the narrow, knife-like ridge does this placemark highlight?
2h. Check and double-click placemark Problem 2h to fly to the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. What feature does this placemark highlight?
2i. Check and double-click placemark Problem 2i. What feature does this placemark highlight?
2j. Check and double-click placemark Problem 2j. What feature does this placemark highlight?
2k. Check and double-click placemark Problem 2k. What feature does this placemark highlight?
2l. Check and double-click placemark Problem 2l to fly to Holy Cross, CO. What feature dams the end of this glacially carved valley?
2m. Check and double-click the folder for Problem 2m to fly to Mono Lake, CA. All of the placemarks highlight the same type of feature. What are these features?
2n. Check and double-click the placemarks for Problems 2n-i and 2n-ii. Using cross-cutting relationships, which moraine is the youngest?

Piedmont Glacial Features

3a. Sometimes alpine and valley glaciers spill out from an ice field/cap and coalesce when the topography becomes less steep, forming piedmont glaciers and associated landforms.

Check and double-click placemark Problem 3a to fly to the Malaspina Glacier area in Alaska. Turn on the path labeled “Problem 3”. What are the folds comprised of?

3b. What is causing the layers to be bent & distorted?
3c. Check and double-click placemark Problem 3c. What feature does this placemark highlight?
3d. Check and double-click placemark Problem 3d. What feature does this placemark highlight?

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