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1 The Earth in Context
2 The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics
3 Patterns in Nature: Minerals
4 Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks
5 A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
6 Change in the Solid State: Metamorphic Rocks
7 The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions
8 A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes
9 Crags, Cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building
10 Deep Time: How Old is Old?
11 A Biography of Earth
12 Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources
13 Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements
14 Streams and Floods: The Geology of Running Water
15 Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts
16 A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater
17 Dry Regions: The Geology of Deserts
18 Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages
19 Global Change in the Earth System


Scars of Mars

by Stephen Marshak
Overview Image

Recent Hubble Mars picture

Credit:NASA

 


Olympus Mons
The Voyager mission of the 1990s have provided incredibly detailed images of Mars. After comparing landscape features on Mars with those found on Earth, planetary geologists have identified huge slump scars on Mars (see image on the left). These scars, located along the edge of Olympus Mons (a large shield volcano) and along the edge of Valles Marineris (a large valley), probably formed during times when the permafrost on Mars had melted and liquid water flowed on the planet's surface. As happen on Earth, the moving water undercut cliffs, which then collapsed in huge mass-movement events.

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