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1 The Earth in Context
2 The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics
3 Patterns in Nature: Minerals
4 Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks
5 A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
6 Change in the Solid State: Metamorphic Rocks
7 The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions
8 A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes
9 Crags, Cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building
10 Deep Time: How Old is Old?
11 A Biography of Earth
12 Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources
13 Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements
14 Streams and Floods: The Geology of Running Water
15 Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts
16 A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater
17 Dry Regions: The Geology of Deserts
18 Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages
19 Global Change in the Earth System


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(10.1) Geologic History

A cross-section through the earth reveals the variety of geologic features. View 1 of this animation identifies a variety of geologic features; View 2 animates the sequence of events that produced these features, and demonstrates how geologists apply established principles to deduce geologic history.

Created by: Stephen Marshak

(10.2) What a Geologist Sees: Stratigraphic Column

The succession of rocks in the Grand Canyon can be divided into formations based on notable changes in rock type and changes in fossil assemblages

(10.3) What a Geologist Sees: Unconformity

The photo shows the Siccar Point unconformity in Scotland, on the coast about 60 km east of Edinburgh; the sketch shows a geologist’s interpretation of the unconformity.

(10.4) Types of Unconformity

This animation shows the stages in the development of three main types of unconformity in cross-section, and explains how an incomplete succession of strata provides a record of Earth history. View 1 shows a disconformity, View 2 shows a nonconformity and View 3 shows an angular unconformity

Created by: Stephen Marshak


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Students can track their online quiz scores by setting up their own Student Gradebook.