The everyday phenomenon examined here is an essential principle underlying the Hubble's Expanding Universe theory; one could say its application shed light on fundamental questions about changes to the size of the Universe over time.

by Declan DePaor

>>see: p.11

This animation demonstrates the Doppler effect as applied to light by simulating the effect of a star's velocity upon the starlight as viewed from Earth. Use the  horizontal scrollbar to change the star's velocity. Notice the red shift as the star recedes from you, and the blue shift as it moves toward you.  The greater the star's speed, the greater the spectral shift.

by Declan DePaor

>>see: p.11

This animation shows the collapse of a rotating dust cloud to form a solar system with a central star and orbiting planets. The angular velocity vector is yellow. Escape of light elements to the outer regions occurs  immediately after the collapse phase.

by Declan DePaor

>>see: p.19