| * Boldface
titles indicate works in the anthology. |
TEXTS
|
CONTEXTS
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| |
529 Foundation of Monte Cassino, the first Benedictine monastery
|
|
ninth century Beowulf • Latin lyrics, saints' lives, and
histories
|
8th–10th centuries Invasions of Western Europe by Arabs,
Norsemen, and Magyars
|
| |
800
Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor |
| |
899 Alfred the Great, king of Wessex in England, dies
|
| 11th century
Hispano-Arabic and Provençal lyrics |
11th century Consolidation of feudal social structure
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| |
1066 Norman invasion of England
|
| |
1099 Knights of the First Crusade capture Jerusalem
|
| 12th century
The Song of Roland • Marie de France,
Lais • Arthurian romances •
Romance of Renard |
12th century Establishment of the universities of Paris, Oxford,
and Bologna • Recovery of Aristotelian philosophy • Period of religious
reform
|
| |
1187 Arabs recover Jerusalem permanently
|
| 13th century
Fabliaux • Romance of the Rose •
Thorstein the Staff-Struck |
13th century Age of the great cathedrals and of scholastic
philosophy
|
| |
1226 Francis of Assisi, founder of the first order of friars,
dies
|
| |
1274 Thomas Aquinas, leading scholastic philosopher, dies
|
| 1301–1321
Dante, the Divine Comedy |
|
| |
1337 War begins between France and England (the Hundred Years'
War), ending only in 1453
|
| |
1348–1350 Bubonic plague sweeps through Europe, killing almost
half the population
|
| 1353
Boccaccio, the Decameron |
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|
1380? Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
|
|
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1384 John Wyclif, promoter of religious views that prepare for
the Reformation, dies
|
| 1390–1400
Chaucer, the Canterbury Tales
|
|
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14th century
Peasant risings in England, France, Flanders, and Italy |
| |
15th century Growing centralization of state power throughout
Europe
|
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1453 Fall of Constantinople to the Muslim Turks
|
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1455
Gutenberg prints the Bible, the first book printed with
movable type in Europe |
|
ca. 1470 Villon, The Testament
|
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1492 Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Western
Hemisphere
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1495? Everyman
|
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