" // questions and Answers number_answers = new Array(5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5) q1 = "Which Greek culture flourished on mainland Greece in the second millennium B.C.?"; q1answer = "d"; q1a = "Macedonian"; q1b = "Minoan"; q1c = "Athenian"; q1d = "Mycenean"; q1e = "archaic"; q1review = "See page 105."; q2 = "The language of the Hellenes belongs to the Indo-European family, which includes all of the following language groups except:"; q2answer = "e"; q2a = "Germanic"; q2b = "Celtic"; q2c = "Italic"; q2d = "Sanskrit"; q2e = "Semitic"; q2review = "See page 105."; q3 = "By serving as a basis for education, which two epic poems played a role in the development of Greek civilization that is equivalent to the role that the Torah played in Palestine?"; q3answer = "c"; q3a = "Oresteia and Lysistrata"; q3b = "Odyssey and Oedipus the King"; q3c = "Iliad and Odyssey"; q3d = "Iliad and Oedipus the King"; q3e = "Iliad and Oresteia"; q3review = "See page 105."; q4 = "Which of the following statements is not an accurate reflection about ancient Greek religious beliefs?"; q4answer = "b"; q4a = "The Greeks credited humanity with inventing morality."; q4b = "The Greeks blamed humanity for disorder in the universe."; q4c = "The Greek god Zeus was subject to the mysterious power of Fate."; q4d = "The Greek gods were expressions of the world's uncontrollable forces."; q4e = "The Greeks were polytheistic."; q4review = "See page 105–106."; q5 = "During which period are the stories of the Homeric poems set?"; q5answer = "c"; q5a = "the Battle of Salamís"; q5b = "the Peloponnesian War"; q5c = "the Trojan War"; q5d = "the Second and Third Punic Wars"; q5e = "the Battle of Actium"; q5review = "See page 106."; q6 = "Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Sophistic method?"; q6answer = "b"; q6a = "to argue inferentially from probability in the absence of concrete evidence"; q6b = "to accept moral standards"; q6c = "to appeal to the audience's sense of its own advantage"; q6d = "to justify individual defiance of general prejudice and even of law"; q6e = "to argue the weaker side of an argument as effectively as the stronger"; q6review = "See page 108."; q7 = "What was the pro-Spartan antidemocratic regime in Athens called?"; q7answer = "a"; q7a = "the Thirty Tyrants"; q7b = "the Dirty Tyrants"; q7c = "the Spartan Tyrants"; q7d = "the Spartan Tribunal"; q7e = "the Tribunal of Thirty"; q7review = "See page 109."; q8 = "Which two groups are at war in the Iliad?"; q8answer = "c"; q8a = "Trojans and Minoans"; q8b = "Trojans and Phaeacians"; q8c = "Trojans and Achaeans"; q8d = "Trojans and Macedonians"; q8e = "Trojans and Spartans"; q8review = "See page 114."; q9 = "The death of which comrade and friend brings Achilles much sorrow and grief in the Iliad?"; q9answer = "e"; q9a = "Hector"; q9b = "Thesthor"; q9c = "Nestor"; q9d = "Menelaus"; q9e = "Patroclus"; q9review = "See page 179."; q10 = "Which character dies at the end of the Iliad?"; q10answer = "d"; q10a = "Laertes"; q10b = "Agamemnon"; q10c = "Achilles"; q10d = "Hector"; q10e = "Menelaus"; q10review = "See page 225."; q11 = "In Homer's epic, who keeps Odysseus on her island for seven years?"; q11answer = "e"; q11a = "Circe"; q11b = "Penelope"; q11c = "Helen"; q11d = "Athena"; q11e = "Calypso"; q11review = "See page 116."; q12 = "In the Odyssey, why does Penelope unravel her weaving every night?"; q12answer = "a"; q12a = "to keep her suitors at bay"; q12b = "to mark her loyalty to Telmakhos"; q12c = "to delay remarriage to Odysseus"; q12d = "to pass time until she returns to Ithaca"; q12e = "to defy the orders of Odysseus"; q12review = "See page 117."; q13 = "How does Odysseus resist the temptation of the Sirens' song?"; q13answer = "d"; q13a = "He plugs his ears with beeswax."; q13b = "He takes sleeping pills for the duration of the voyage."; q13c = "He seeks an alternate sea route."; q13d = "He asks to be tied to the mast of the ship."; q13e = "d and a"; q13review = "See page 368."; q14 = "How do Odysseus and his men escape from the Cyclops' island?"; q14answer = "a"; q14a = "They hide under the belly of sheep."; q14b = "They wait until Polyphêmos is asleep and escape."; q14c = "They disguise themselves as sheep and escape."; q14d = "They poison Polyphêmos's dinner."; q14e = "They wine and dine Polyphêmos until he passes out."; q14review = "See page 329."; q15 = "In the Odyssey, what does Odysseus return to Ithaca disguised as?"; q15answer = "b"; q15a = "a fisherman"; q15b = "a beggar"; q15c = "a shepherd"; q15d = "a cripple"; q15e = "a peasant"; q15review = "See page 388."; q16 = "Upon being reunited with his father, Odysseus does all of the following except:"; q16answer = "b"; q16a = "pretend to be someone else"; q16b = "claim to be King Allfwoe's son"; q16c = "claim to have set sail from Sicily"; q16d = "claim to be from Rower's Passage"; q16e = "pretend that Odysseus is dead"; q16review = "See page 523."; q17 = "Which of the following statements about Sappho's poetry is not true?"; q17answer = "a"; q17a = "None of the poems have survived in their entirety."; q17b = "Fragments of her poetry were found on rubbish heaps in Egypt."; q17c = "Many of the poems have been imaginatively re-created by translators."; q17d = "The poems were originally accompanied by lute music."; q17e = "The poems are focused on aspects of the female world."; q17review = "See page 530."; q18 = "Which of the following murders does not take place or is not referred to in Aeschylus's Oresteia?"; q18answer = "a"; q18a = "Clytemnestra murders her children, Orestes and Iphigenia."; q18b = "Orestes murders his mother, Clytemnestra, and her lover, Aegisthus."; q18c = "With her lover, Aegisthus, Clytemnestra murders her husband, Agamemnon."; q18d = "Agamemnon murders his daughter, Iphigenia."; q18e = "Atreus, Agamemnon's father, murders Aegisthus's brothers."; q18review = "See pages 534–535."; q19 = "According to the chorus of Agamemnon, what is it that, in Zeus's plan, comes from suffering?"; q19answer = "c"; q19a = "the certainty of more suffering"; q19b = "nothing at all"; q19c = "understanding and progress"; q19d = "the ecstasy of truth"; q19e = "the consolation of an eventual death"; q19review = "See page 542."; q20 = "To what place have the Furies pursued Orestes in Aeschylus's play Eumenides?"; q20answer = "b"; q20a = "the river Styx in Hades"; q20b = "the temple of Apollo at Delphi"; q20c = "the ancient court of the Areopagus in Athens"; q20d = "the house of the Atreus in Argos"; q20e = "the royal house of Thebes"; q20review = "See page 584."; q21 = "Which of the following plays was not written by Sophocles?"; q21answer = "e"; q21a = "Electra"; q21b = "Antigone"; q21c = "Ajax"; q21d = "Oedipus at Colonus"; q21e = "Agamemnon"; q21review = "See page 612."; q22 = "Before Oedipus, many men of Thebes answered the Sphinx's riddle incorrectly and were killed. If "man" was the correct answer, what was the Sphinx's riddle?"; q22answer = "b"; q22a = ""What is it that is fated to couple with its mother and kill its father?""; q22b = ""What is it that walks on four feet and two feet and three feet and has only one voice?""; q22c = ""What is it that refuses to know itself?""; q22d = ""What does woman want?""; q22e = ""What is it that has two legs and two arms and often two faces and has only one head?""; q22review = "See page 618."; q23 = "In order to punish himself for murdering his father and having sexual relations with his mother, what action does Oedipus take?"; q23answer = "d"; q23a = "He kills himself."; q23b = "He castrates himself."; q23c = "He orders sons Eteocles and Polynices to murder him."; q23d = "He blinds himself."; q23e = "He murders his daughters Antigone and Ismene."; q23review = "See page 651."; q24 = "Though Antigone is fiercely loyal to family, what causes her to disown her sister Ismene?"; q24answer = "b"; q24a = "Ismene sang the praises of Creon on the grave of their father Oedipus."; q24b = "Ismene refused to help Antigone defy the state by burying the corpse of Polynices."; q24c = "Ismene betrayed Antigone's trust by marrying Haemon."; q24d = "Ismene made no distinction between her brothers Eteocles, who is a patriot, and Polynices, who is a traitor."; q24e = "Ismene refused to speak on behalf of her father, Oedipus, as he was sentenced to exile by Creon."; q24review = "See pages 660–661."; q25 = "Complete the following. "If you put new ideas before the eyes of fools," says Medea to Kreon, king of Corinth, to express her sense of isolation,"; q25answer = "c"; q25a = ""It brings a man no honor.""; q25b = ""All the same you shall have your will.""; q25c = ""They'll think you foolish and worthless into the bargain.""; q25d = ""Leave nothing untried of all those things which you know.""; q25e = ""Faith in your word has gone.""; q25review = "See lines 296–297 on page 701."; q26 = "What does Medea do that infuriates her husband, Jason?"; q26answer = "a"; q26a = "She murders their children."; q26b = "She claims to be able to rejuvenate dead beings by boiling them in a magic liquid."; q26c = "She murders Aigeus and bathes in his blood."; q26d = "She seduces her own son and then murders his fiancée."; q26e = "She returns the Golden Fleece to Colchis."; q26review = "See pages 722–723."; q27 = "Which important monument do the women of the Lysistrata seize?"; q27answer = "b"; q27a = "Hadrian's Library"; q27b = "the Akropolis"; q27c = "the Agora"; q27d = "the Temple of Hephaistos"; q27e = "the Temple of Athena"; q27review = "See page 736."; q28 = "What do the women of the Lysistrata do in their attempt to affect change?"; q28answer = "d"; q28a = "They go on a hunger strike."; q28b = "They refuse to cook for their husbands."; q28c = "They refuse to tend to their children."; q28d = "They take a vow of abstinence."; q28e = "They refuse to clean their homes."; q28review = "See page 731."; q29 = "In Plato's Apology, which group is Socrates accused of corrupting?"; q29answer = "e"; q29a = "senators"; q29b = "artisans"; q29c = "scholars"; q29d = "poets"; q29e = "youth"; q29review = "See page 786."; q30 = "According to Aristotle's Poetics, which is the most important of the six constituent elements of tragedy?"; q30answer = "e"; q30a = "melody"; q30b = "language"; q30c = "spectacle"; q30d = "character"; q30e = "plot"; q30review = "See page 800. 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