" // questions and Answers number_answers = new Array(5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5) q1 = "In Evliya Çelebi's dream, what did the Prophet Muhammad encourage him to do?"; q1answer = "a"; q1a = "pursue the life of a wanderer"; q1b = "return to the ancestral homeland of his father"; q1c = "record for posterity his observations about the Ottoman empire in the mid-seventeenth century"; q1d = "become chief jeweler of the court"; q1e = "obey his parents' desire that he serve as an imperial official"; q1review = "See page 281."; q2 = "What did Evliya Çelebi do when presented to Sultan Murat IV to win acceptance into the palace school?"; q2answer = "d"; q2a = "He demonstrated his command of advanced Arabic grammar."; q2b = "He wrote a passage from the Koran in skilled calligraphy."; q2c = "He played a complex musical composition."; q2d = "He recited the Koran beautifully."; q2e = "He sang and danced."; q2review = "See pages 281–282."; q3 = "In the first volume of his Book of Travels, where does Evliya Çelebi travel?"; q3answer = "c"; q3a = "to Cairo, upper Egypt, the Sudan, and Abyssinia"; q3b = "from Bosnia to Azerbaijan"; q3c = "to Istanbul and its environs"; q3d = "to the Balkans"; q3e = "all of the above"; q3review = "See page 282."; q4 = "Which of the following best describes Evliya Çelebi's writing?"; q4answer = "d"; q4a = "detailed and accurate descriptions"; q4b = "amusing anecdotes"; q4c = "objective and distanced from his subject"; q4d = "a and b only"; q4e = "a and c only"; q4review = "See page 282."; q5 = "Which region of the Ottoman empire did Evliya Çelebi visit most frequently?"; q5answer = "e"; q5a = "Bosnia"; q5b = "the Caucasus"; q5c = "the Balkans"; q5d = "Wallachia"; q5e = "Egypt"; q5review = "See page 282."; q6 = "Which of the following did not aid the expansion of the Ottoman empire?"; q6answer = "b"; q6a = "religious enmity between the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches"; q6b = "Napoleon's invasion of Egypt"; q6c = "access to Turkomen warriors in Anatolia"; q6d = "deep dissention among the Balkan Slavs"; q6e = "all of the above"; q6review = "See page 282."; q7 = "Though they were descended from the Oghuz (Turkomen) tribal confederation and spoke a Turkish language, to which imperial culture did the Ottomans consider themselves heirs?"; q7answer = "e"; q7a = "Assyrian"; q7b = "Roman"; q7c = "Mughal"; q7d = "Safavid"; q7e = "Abbasid"; q7review = "See page 283."; q8 = "Linguistically Turkish, Ottoman literature is often considered the third great literature of the Islamic tradition after which two earlier traditions?"; q8answer = "b"; q8a = "Arabic and Panjabi"; q8b = "Arabic and Persian"; q8c = "Kashmiri and Panjabi"; q8d = "Persian and Urdu"; q8e = "Sindhi and Urdu"; q8review = "See page 283."; q9 = "The communities of which region of the Ottoman empire were inspired to rebel by the French Revolution?"; q9answer = "a"; q9a = "the Balkans"; q9b = "Egypt"; q9c = "Bosnia"; q9d = "Syria"; q9e = "Serbia"; q9review = "See page 283."; q10 = "As the Ottoman empire began to lose its imperial possessions, which leader led a movement to establish a Turkish national state, thereby repudiating two centuries of Ottoman rule?"; q10answer = "e"; q10a = "Karim Khân Zand"; q10b = "Suleymân"; q10c = "Abd al-Majid"; q10d = "Muhammad Ali"; q10e = "Mustafa Kemal"; q10review = "See page 283."; q11 = "Under the rule of Mehmed II the Conqueror, which of the following were established?"; q11answer = "e"; q11a = "a policy of imperial expansion"; q11b = "the third great tradition of Islamic literature"; q11c = "an architectural style that symbolized Ottoman imperial ambitions"; q11d = "a new legal code"; q11e = "all of the above"; q11review = "See pages 282–283."; q12 = "Which sea did the Ottomans control in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to become the sole challenge to the Portuguese expansion into the Indian Ocean?"; q12answer = "c"; q12a = "Caspian"; q12b = "Red"; q12c = "Mediterranean"; q12d = "Black"; q12e = "Dead"; q12review = "See page 283."; q13 = "Who is the founder of the Safavid Dynasty under which Shi'ism was made the official religion of Iran?"; q13answer = "d"; q13a = "Agha Muhammad Khan"; q13b = "Nader Shah"; q13c = "Shah Abbâs"; q13d = "Shah Ismâ'il"; q13e = "Karim Khân Zand"; q13review = "See page 285."; q14 = "Who is the Turkomen founder of the Afshar Dynasty in Iran?"; q14answer = "a"; q14a = "Nader Shah"; q14b = "Muhammad Ali"; q14c = "Shah Ismâ'il"; q14d = "Agha Muhammad Khan"; q14e = "Shah Abbâs"; q14review = "See page 285."; q15 = "Who invaded Egypt in 1798, beginning the so-called modern period in the Middle East?"; q15answer = "b"; q15a = "Saint-Simon"; q15b = "Napoleon"; q15c = "Garibaldi"; q15d = "Marlborough"; q15e = "Washington"; q15review = "See page 285."; q16 = "From a Western perspective, what explains the continued interest of the Ottomans in accounts of Saint Veliüllah's role in the conversion of the people of Boudontza to Islam?"; q16answer = "e"; q16a = "their proximity to the Christian world"; q16b = "a sense of competition with the Christians for the loyalties of their subjects"; q16c = "the presence of large populations of Christians within their borders"; q16d = "a sense of competition with Christians for the control of western provinces"; q16e = "all of the above"; q16review = "See page 283."; q17 = "What happens as Evliya Çelebi enters the city of Boudontza?"; q17answer = "b"; q17a = "It has been liberated from foreign occupation."; q17b = "It has been sacked and plundered by pirates."; q17c = "It has been raped and pillaged by Christian warriors."; q17d = "It has become an important stop for pilgrims."; q17e = "None of the above"; q17review = "See page 286."; q18 = "According to Evliya Çelebi, what is the cause for the assault of Boudontza?"; q18answer = "a"; q18a = "The tributary subjects (Christians) complained to Captain Giorgio of being oppressed."; q18b = "The exempt population (Muslims) complained to the judge of being oppressed."; q18c = "Its castle was mistaken for an approaching army."; q18d = "An oppressive judge ordered that it be done."; q18e = "It was mistaken for Tenos."; q18review = "See page 286."; q19 = "From which neighboring town do warlike hero-warriors first come to aid the people of Boudontza?"; q19answer = "c"; q19a = "Molo"; q19b = "Aden"; q19c = "Zitíni"; q19d = "Tripoli"; q19e = "Kosovo"; q19review = "See page 287."; q20 = "Which of the following is not part of the somewhat eccentric genealogy for Sultan Veliüllah invoked by Evliya Çelebi?"; q20answer = "e"; q20a = "son of the Imam Ali Musa Reza"; q20b = "son of the Imam Ja'fer Sadik"; q20c = "son of the Imam Kâzim"; q20d = "son of Imam Ali Murteza and his wife, the glorious Lady Fatima"; q20e = "son of the excellent Muhammad"; q20review = "See page 288."; q21 = "Which of the following is an attribute of Muhammad?"; q21answer = "d"; q21a = "Ahmed"; q21b = "Mahmud"; q21c = "Mustafa"; q21d = "all of the above"; q21e = "none of the above"; q21review = "See page 288."; q22 = "Under whose control was Boudonítza at the time of Sultan Veliüllah's arrival?"; q22answer = "d"; q22a = "the king of Greece"; q22b = "the Zands"; q22c = "the Qajars"; q22d = "the king of Spain"; q22e = "the Yezids"; q22review = "See page 288."; q23 = "From what sort of death is the Saint Veliüllah miraculously saved?"; q23answer = "d"; q23a = "being flayed with a whip"; q23b = "being drowned in a vat of wine"; q23c = "being burnt at the stake"; q23d = "falling to his death after being shot from a cannon"; q23e = "being eaten alive by wild boars"; q23review = "See pages 288–289."; q24 = "Which of the following is not an element of the decoration of the tomb of the Saint Veliüllah?"; q24answer = "c"; q24a = "incense burners"; q24b = "rosewater flasks"; q24c = "magnificent frescoes"; q24d = "candle-holders"; q24e = "suspended lamps"; q24review = "See pages 289–290."; q25 = "In what form does the Saint Veliüllah appear in order to stop a group of infidels (Christians) from looting his tomb?"; q25answer = "e"; q25a = "a ferocious wolf"; q25b = "a misty fog"; q25c = "a giant bat"; q25d = "an elderly woman"; q25e = "seven bright tongues of fire"; q25review = "See page 290. 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