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WORKSHOPS » POETRY » ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON, "ULYSSES" » RE-READING
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "Ulysses"
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Re-Reading Questions
Text on p. 1275 of the full Ninth Edition
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It little profits that an idle king,
By this still hearth, among these barren crags,
Match'd with an aged wife, I mete and dole
Unequal laws unto a savage race,
That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me.
I cannot rest from travel; I will drink
Life to the lees. All times I have enjoy'd [1]
Greatly, have suffer'd greatly, both with those
That loved me, and alone; on shore, and when
Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyades [2]
Vext the dim sea. I am become a name;
For always roaming with a hungry heart
Much have I seen and known,cities of men
And manners, climates, councils, governments,
Myself not least, but honor'd of them all,
And drunk delight of battle with my peers,
Far on the ringing plains of windy Troy. [3]
I am a part of all that I have met;
Yet all experience is an arch wherethro'
Gleams that untravell'd world whose margin fades
For ever and for ever when I move.
How dull it is to pause, to make an end,
To rust unburnish'd, not to shine in use! [4]
As tho' to breathe were life! Life piled on life
Were all too little, and of one to me
Little remains; but every hour is saved
From that eternal silence, something more,
A bringer of new things; and vile it were
For some three suns to store and hoard myself,
And this gray spirit yearning in desire
To follow knowledge like a sinking star,
Beyond the utmost bound of human thought.
This is my son, mine own Telemachus,
to whom I leave the sceptre and the isle, [5]
Well-loved of me, discerning to fulfill
This labor, by slow prudence to make mild
A rugged people, and thro' soft degrees
Subdue them to the useful and the good.
Most blameless is he, centred in the sphere
Of common duties, decent not to fail
In offices of tenderness, and pay
Meet adoration to my household gods,
When I am gone. He works his work, I mine.
There lies the port; the vessel puffs her sail;
There gloom the dark, broad seas. My mariners,
Souls that have toil'd, and wrought, and thought with me,
That ever with a frolic welcome took
The thunder and the sunshine, and opposed
Free hearts, free foreheads,you and I are old;
Old age hath yet his honor and his toil.
Death closes all; but something ere the end,
Some work of noble note, may yet be done,
Not unbecoming men that strove with Gods.
The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks;
The long day wanes; the slow moon climbs; the deep
Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends.
'Tis not too late to seek a newer world.
Push off, and sitting well in order smite
The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds [6]
To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths
Of all the western stars, until I die.
It may be that the gulfs will wash us down;
It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles, [7]
And see the great Achilles, whom we knew. [8]
Tho' much is taken, much abides; and tho'
We are not now that strength which in old days
Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are,
One equal temper of heroic hearts,
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.
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Re-Reading Questions
1. Tennyson wrote "Ulysses" in blank verse because it is the verse form most like everyday human speech; it doesn't rhyme and its rhythmic pattern accents every other syllable. The use of blank verse makes the monologue seem realistic, as if Ulysses were speaking consciously to the listener. What lines, phrases, or words contribute to the effect of intimacy made possible by the use of blank verse?
2. Read over the phrases in boldface. Rather than telling the reader what Ulysses feels, Tennyson shows the reader through descriptive phrases. Make a list of Ulysses' characteristics that you gleaned from the phrases. Where is the transition from Ulysses thinking with pride of his past heroic exploits to his sense of desperation to do one more heroic deed before he dies?
3. While it's not a requirement, it's certainly a benefit to know of the Trojan War and of Homer's The Odyssey. What do you know about Ulysses (Odysseus) and his participation in the war? What do you know about his wandering after the war? How does that knowledge enrich your understanding of the poem?
4. If you don't know anything about Ulysses/Odysseus, what references in the poem to Ulysses' past would you need explained in order to understand his restlessness?
5. Why do you think Ulysses changes from "I" to "we" in the last few lines?
6. What does "[t]hough much is taken, much abides" mean? What has been taken from Ulysses? What remains to him?
7. "[T]hat which we are, we are" sounds like double talk, but is really a summary of his life for which he makes no apology. What "is" he and why is he unapologetic?
8. The last few words, "to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield" are some of the most famous in literature. What do they mean to Ulysses? Even though you are not a great hero or king, what do they mean in your life?
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